Keanekaragaman Dan Kekerabatan Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) Di Kalimantan Selatan Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Dan Molekular (Rapd-PCR Dan Sekuensing Dna)

Abstract

Diversity and phylogeny of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Kalimantan based on morphology and molecular (RAPD-PCR and DNA sequencing). Seven species of fruit fly was known by morphological identification. The fruit flies were found from trapping with methyl eugenol and fruit collecting at all study sites in South Kalimantan. The results showed that as much as 17 plants were infected by fruit fly. Dendrogram based on morphological identification analyzed by using UPGMA with MEGA 4 program consisted in a group consisting of 5 sub-groups. Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae of morphology were still a closely related fruit fly at 0.935. Whereas, based on RAPD result analized by UPGMA using 20 character of DNA based, showed that out of seven species consisted 2 groups, 1st group were B. umbrosa, B. occipitalis and sub-group of B. latifrons. The second group consists of sub-groups B.carambolae, B. papaya, sub-group B. albistrigata and B. cucurbitae. The results of dendrogram from sequencing DNA fruit fly analysis comprised one of group and three sub-groups. The first sub-groups were B. papayae, B. carambolae, B. occipitalis, B.latifrons. The second subgroup were B. cucurbitae and B. umbrosa. While B. albistrigata separate but still one group with another fruit flies. The results of DNA sequencing showed that there were a homology of the seven species of the fruit fly i.e at 83 base pair / bp (C), 101 bp (T), 265 bp (G), 420 bp (A), 432 bp (T), 600 bp (A ). The length of the base pair for B. occipitalis, B. cucurbitae, B. albistrigata, B. carambolae, B. papayae, B. latifrons were respectively 615, 898, 570.969, 898 and 615 bp. The results of morphological analysis and RAPD methods showed difference in the distribution of groups and sub-groups. But based on morphologycal and DNA identification seven species of fruit flies found were all same as the genebank.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN Drosophila sp. (LALAT BUAH) DARI TUBAN, KEDIRI, DAN TULUNGAGUNG BERDASARKAN INDEKS SIMILARITAS DAN DENDOGRAM

“…Penelitian tentang hubungan kekerabatan fenetik telah banyak dilakukan, diantaranya (Ahamad et al, 2015;Arrijani, 2003;Hasanudin & Fitriana, 2014;Hidayati et al, 2014;Pramudi et al, 2013;Rahmawati et al, 2018;Sugiyatno et al, 2009;Wahlberg, 2019).…”

“…Jika dilihat dari indeks similaritas, nilai yang semakin mendekati 1 menunjukkan bahwa kekerabatannya semakin dekat sedangkan nilai yang mendekati 0 maka hubungan kekerabatannya semakin jauh (Yatim, 1991). Kedekatan kekerabatan telah menyebabkan berbaurnya organisme tersebut (Pramudi et al, 2013). Drosophila dari daerah Kediri dan Tulungagung merupakan organisme dengan perbedaan morfologi sangat kecil.…”

Identification of Morphology and Molecular PCR-RAPD Bactrocera spp. in the Location of Red Guava Crops, Deli Serdang District

“…B. papayae and B. carambolae are difficult to distinguish due to their close relationship, so the body size and wings look the same. Unlike other species, it can be distinguished directly by looking at the wings and abdomen (Pramudi et al 2013).…”

“…On the wing, there are basal costal, costal, microtrichia, costal band, anal streak, and wing patterns. In the abdomen, there is the presence or absence of the T pattern in the terga, whether or not it integrates between the second terga and the color pattern in the terga (Pramudi et al 2013).…”

Parasitization and Identification of The Red Guava Fruit Fly Parasitoids in The Deli Serdang District

“…Drew & Romig (2012) states that identification of insect species is very important, because some groups of insect taxa have almost the same variation in morphological characters. For example, the difference in body shape of insects with one another between B. carambolae and B. papayae is due to the genetic relationship closeness so that from the shape of the abdomen and the wing pattern looks almost the same, in other species the direct difference can be seen only from the pattern of the wings (Pramudi et al, 2013). Study about fruit fly parasitoids in Deli Serdang District is urgently needed so that control can be carried out using parasitoids that are suitable for the target pest.…”