Karyotype studies in thirty‐two species of Lilium (Liliaceae) from China¹

Abstract

Fifty-two populations representing thirty-two taxa of Lilium L. from China are karyologically analyzed. The results showed that all populations have the same basic chromosome number x012, and all species are diploid except Lilium tigrinum, which is triploid with 2n036. In addition, one population of L. sulphureum is aneuploid with 2n023. The karyotype evolution in the genus Lilium is mainly in terms of alterations of the fine structure of the chromosomes, not in ploidy or basic chromosome number variation. When combining previous studies and our results, we consider the major driving forces for evolution of Lilium to be an increase in karyotypic asymmetry, and unequal translocation and formation of secondary constrictions. The existence of intercalary satellites on the two largest pairs of chromosomes is correlated with the geographic distribution pattern of Lilium across the world. The Hengduan Mountains is a modern diversity and differentiation center of Lilium and it also could be the center of origin for this genus. In addition, some taxonomic conclusions were verified on the subgenus level. Among the species investigated, the chromosome number and karyotypes of 13 taxa were documented for the first time.

Evolutionary events in Lilium (including Nomocharis, Liliaceae) are temporally correlated with orogenies of the Q–T plateau and the Hengduan Mountains

“…Our phylogeny shows that the clade is sister to Lophophorum, and this is additionally supported by previous karyotype analyses (Gao et al, 2011). The last shared ancestor of Pseudolirium and Lophophorum occurred within the Q-T plateau region (Fig.…”

Lilium spp. pollen in China (Liliaceae): Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Implications and Pollen Evolution Related to Environmental Conditions

“…Group I is comprised of three clades. Present and previous molecular analyses [18] , [19] and cytology studies [21] , [43] – [44] indicated that sect. Sinomartagon is complicated and polyphyletic, as supported by the pollen data ( Figure 8 ).…”

“…The L. bakerianum var. delavayi karyotype resembles that of L. sempervivoideum [43]. Pollen tetrads are present in L. amoenum , L. sempervivoideum [23] and L. bakerianum (Figure 5A–B).…”

“…In cytological studies, the L. taliense karyotype resembles that of L. wardii [21], [43]. Morphologically, L. taliense and L. wardii showed a close relationship with each other, with a black line in the central groove of the tepals [2].…”

“…In addition, L. formosanum and L. brownii ( Leucolirion 6b) formed a strongly supported clade ([ML] BS = 87, [MP] BS = 86) ( Figure 8 ). In the cytological study, both L. formosanum and L. brownii lacked intercalary satellites on the first two pairs of chromosomes [43] , [46] However, the pollen of L. formosanum corresponds to the new Formosanum type, while L. brownii clearly shows Martagon type pollen.…”