Kalium Hydroxide/Zirconia Pillared Bentonite for Palm Oil Transesterification

Abstract

The aim of this study is to produce biodiesel from palm oil using heterogeneous catalyst i.e. KOH/ZrO 2 -Bentonite. The catalyst was prepared through KOH impregnation on ZrO 2 -Bentonite with a ratio between KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite was 20-30 wt%. Afterwards, it was followed by the heating process using microwave radiation 700 W for 10 minutes Based on the result of the characterization using XRD, Gas Sorption Analyzer, FTIR and SEM-EDX, the best performance for the ratio of KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite of the process was on 25 wt%. The catalytic activity test on palm oil transesterification resulted methyl ester as much as 81% on the reaction condition of 65 o C for three hours. In addition, the amount of catalyst-used was as much as 3% of the oil weight. The result of ASTM test showed that the methyl ester product from palm oil fulfills the National Test Standard for Diesel Oil referring to SNI 04-7182-2006.

Hydrocracking of crude palm oil to a biofuel using zirconium nitride and zirconium phosphide-modified bentonite

“…6 also showed that bentonite-ZrN provided higher conversion than bentonite-ZrP, which was consistent with the determined acidity values of the catalyst, as previously described. Despite the fact that increased catalyst loading was directly related to a higher availability of the active catalyst sites, however, a relative decrease in the conversion was noticeable at a higher catalyst loading of bentonite-ZrN, presumably due to the agglomeration, hence reducing the contact of the active catalytic site with the reactant, 79 which directly reduces CPO conversion. Susi et al 80 stated that agglomeration could decrease the acidity of the catalyst, which consequently lowered the conversion.…”

Effect of Flouride Acid Activation of Natural Bentonite on Bleaching of Palm Oil

“…Clay is a layered material (smectite) that consists of one layer of octahedral and two tetrahedral layers or commonly known as composition of 2:1 layer clay mineral [1]. It is generally called bentonite.…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using TiO2-Natural Zeolite as A Photocatalyst

“…Therefore, the use of sunlight as an UV energy source becomes less efficient although it is coupled with TiO 2 photocatalytic process. Semiconductor catalytic activity can be enhanced through the developing of a porous material, for instance, is zeolite [4][5][6]. Distribution of TiO 2 in the inner and outer surface of zeolite resulted in increasing specific surface area and total pore volume [4].…”

“…Semiconductor catalytic activity can be enhanced through the developing of a porous material, for instance, is zeolite [4][5][6]. Distribution of TiO 2 in the inner and outer surface of zeolite resulted in increasing specific surface area and total pore volume [4]. Bahranifard studied that the loading TiO 2 onto zeolite can improve the degradation percentage of safranin-O by 69% compared with only TiO 2 as a photocatalyst [5].…”