Kahweol Exerts Skin Moisturizing Activities by Upregulating STAT1 Activity

Abstract

Kahweol is a diterpene present in coffee. Until now, several studies have shown that kahweol has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic functions. Due to the limited research available about skin protection, this study aims to discern the potential abilities of kahweol and the possible regulation targets. First, the cytotoxicity of kahweol was checked by 3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, while 2,20-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt and 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl were used to examine the radical scavenging ability. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to explore the proper time points and doses affecting skin hydration and barrier-related genes. Luciferase assay and Western blotting were used to explore the possible transcription factors. Finally, fludarabine (a STAT1 inhibitor) was chosen to discern the relationship between skin-moisturizing factors and STAT1. We found that HaCaT cells experienced no toxicity from kahweol, and kahweol displayed moderate radical scavenging ability. Moreover, kahweol increased the outcome of HAS1, HAS2, occludin, and TGM-1 from six hours in a dose-dependent manner as well as the activation of STAT1 from six hours. Additionally, kahweol recovered the suppression of HAS2, STAT1-mediated luciferase activity, and HA secretion, which was all downregulated by fludarabine. In this study, we demonstrated that kahweol promotes skin-moisturizing activities by upregulating STAT1.

Moisturizing and Antioxidant Effects of Artemisia argyi Essence Liquid in HaCaT Keratinocytes

“…There are two strategies that prevent stratum corneum water loss: one is to ensure adequate hydration, utilizing natural moisturizing factors such as hyaluronic acid (HA) or delivering sufficient water through AQP3; the other is to form strong crosslinks to play a water-locking role. For example, TJP can form continuous fibers to connect adjacent cells, thereby inhibiting the penetration of macromolecules and slowing down the outflow of water [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. HA is a crucial component of human interstitial tissue and has essential physiological functions, such as hydration, extracellular space management, osmotic pressure control, lubrication, and promotion of cell repair [ 26 ].…”

Perspectives of herbs and their natural compounds, and herb formulas on treating diverse diseases through regulating complicated JAK/STAT signaling

“…Extracts from two herbs, including a natural extract from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJ-4) ( Liu et al, 2021 ) and bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids isolated from turmeric ( Ti et al, 2021 ), were mentioned here to antagonize Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and infection through inactivating STAT1. Correspondingly, about nine natural compounds and phytochemicals isolated from herbs and plants exhibited good performance in anti-cancer ( Liang et al, 2021a ; Jiang et al, 2022 ), treating allergic rhinitis ( Zhou et al, 2021 ), MS ( Du et al, 2021a ), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( Luo et al, 2021b ), anti-depression ( Zheng et al, 2021 ) and promoting skin-moisturizing activities ( Chen et al, 2021b ), acute lower respiratory tract infection ( Wang et al, 2020a ), renal inflammatory injury ( Hu et al, 2020 ), and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases ( Boriero et al, 2021 ) through influencing STAT1 signaling. Natural compounds’ combined utilization has been increasingly popular in recent years for their decrease of deficiencies and complementary advantages.…”

“…TS IIA and AS IV and TS IIA and Puerarin were presented here for their excellent performance in protecting against lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration ( Du et al, 2021b ) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ( Xue et al, 2021 ) through restricting STAT1 cascade via combined utilization. As mentioned above, potential candidates, including baicalin ( Jiang et al, 2022 ), dihydroartemisinin ( Du et al, 2021a ), kahweol ( Chen et al, 2021b ), and Yu-Ping-Feng decoction ( Zhou et al, 2021 ), exerted their anti-cancer and anti-infection properties through upregulating cell apoptosis and reinforcing immune system via activating STAT1 signaling, which caused high levels of apoptotic proteins, that is, caspases and enhanced the expression of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells. Conversely, compounds effectively treated allergic rhinitis ( Zhou et al, 2021 ) and influenza ( Ti et al, 2021 ) through inhibiting STAT1 signaling, reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators, and regulating cell differentiation.…”

Hydrangea serrata Hot Water Extract and Its Major Ingredient Hydrangenol Improve Skin Moisturization and Wrinkle Conditions via AP-1 and Akt/PI3K Pathway Upregulation

“…Cell differentiation and proliferation like the AP-1 pathway play an important role in cell transduction [13][14][15][16][17]. According to the results of a previous study, plant extracts containing phytochemicals can exert a skin moisturizing effect through the AP-1 protein pathway [18,19].…”