Ka Rangona te Reo: The Development of Māori-language Television Broadcasting in Aotearoa New Zealand

Middleton, Julie

doi:10.24135/tekaharoa.v3i1.122

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Colonial policies have in many contexts led to a severe decline in the number of native speakers, and media are seen as vital resources to help arrest this decline (Browne, 2005). In New Zealand, Māori Television screens a number of television shows aimed at teaching the Māori language, and the entire Māori broadcasting sector owes its existence to a Waitangi Tribunal ruling that the Māori language is a tāonga (treasured possession) that needs to be protected by the government (Middleton, 2010). Fox (1993) argues that 'broadcasting has an enormous responsibility in the recovery of a language it has helped to push towards extinction'.…”

Section: Dimensions Of Indigenous Journalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting a Theoretical Framework for Examining Indigenous Journalism Culture

Hanusch¹

2013

Media International Australia

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Indigenous media around the globe have expanded considerably over recent years, a process that has also led to an increase in the number of Indigenous news organisations. Yet research into Indigenous news and journalism is still rare, with mostly individual case studies having been undertaken in different parts of the globe. Drawing on existing research gathered from a variety of global contexts, this article theorises five main dimensions that can help us to think about and empirically examine indigenous journalism culture. They include the empowerment role of Indigenous journalism; the ability to offer a counter-narrative to mainstream media reporting; journalism's role in language revitalisation; reporting through a culturally appropriate framework; and the watchdog function of indigenous journalism. These dimensions are discussed in some detail, in an attempt to guide future studies into the structures, roles, practices and products of indigenous journalism across the globe.

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Section: Dimensions Of Indigenous Journalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting a Theoretical Framework for Examining Indigenous Journalism Culture

Hanusch¹

2013

Media International Australia

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“…Most importantly, the Kaupapa Māori paradigm recognises that Māori live in a colonised country where reclaiming our language and identity has involved claiming the tools of the colonising powers to serve our aspirations, as has been seen in the development of Māori-language and Māori-interest media (J. Middleton, 2010). The paradigm also recognises that many Māori, like this researcher, are "necessarily bicultural" (Holmes, 2003, p. 133), moving between mainstream and indigenous worlds.…”

Section: Kaupapa Māorimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1980s, legal action by Māori under the provisions of the Treaty forced the Government to take concrete steps to protect te reo Māori and secure Māori access to broadcasting assets (J. Middleton, 2010). These moves paved the way for state-funded Māori radio and television news bulletins, with the best known of these the Television New Zealand (TVNZ) reo-Māori bulletin Te Karere, on air since 1983.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound and vision in the opening titles of Māori-language television news: A multimodal analysis of cultural hybridity

Middleton¹

2021

tekaharoa

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Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand. British settlers arrived in the 19th century with their tradition of the newspaper, and this led to a thriving Māori-language press. Today, news in te reo Māori, the Māori language, is delivered by television, radio and the internet, harnessing the conventions of Anglo-American journalism to tell stories of indigenous preoccupations (Fox 2002). The cultural hybridity that results (Grixti 2011) is particularly marked in the opening titles of Māori-language news. The musical and visual tropes of news-show mythmaking that present the news as sites of power, truth and authority are married to representations of Māori identity and beliefs to speak to a necessarily bicultural audience (A. Middleton 2020). In this paper, a multimodal approach is employed (Bignell 2002; Machin 2010; van Leeuwen 2012), which uses frame-by-frame analysis of speech, scripts, images and music to reveal the semiosis or sign processes in play in the opening titles of the country’s top-rated English-language news bulletin, 1 News, and those of the two Māori-language television news bulletins, Te Karere and Te Kāea. Analysis reveals that 1 News titles employ the sign systems common to their counterparts across Anglophone countries in the way they promote themselves as credible, all-seeing authorities. While the titles of Māori-language news opening titles retain many of the same tropes and signposts in order to be understood as a news show, they also weave in cultural references deeply embedded in Māori language and culture to represent themselves as news by and for Māori rather than the dominant culture.

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“…In a decision in 1986, it established that the Māori language was a taonga (treasured possession) which, under the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi – the country’s founding document establishing relations between Māori and the British Crown – needed to be protected and nurtured (Walker, 2004: 268). The decision soon led to the establishment of the first Māori radio stations in the 1980s and, in 2004, the birth of Māori Television (Middleton, 2010). Māori TV’s mission is ‘to make a significant contribution to the revitalization of tikanga Māori (Māori values and customs) and reo Māori (Māori language) by being an independent, secure and successful Māori Television broadcaster’ (Māori Television, 2012).…”

Section: Indigenous Journalism In Aotearoa New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Indigenous journalism culture: Exploring Māori news-making in Aotearoa New Zealand

Hanusch

2013

Journalism

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Indigenous news media have experienced significant growth across the globe in recent years, but they have received only limited attention in mainstream society or the journalism and communication research community. Yet, Indigenous journalism is playing an arguably increasingly important role in contributing to Indigenous politics and identities, and is worthy of closer analysis. Using in-depth interviews, this article provides an overview of the main dimensions of Indigenous journalism as they can be found in the journalism culture of Ma¯ori journalists in Aotearoa New Zealand. It argues that Ma¯ori journalists see their role as providing a counter-narrative to mainstream media reporting and as contributing to Indigenous empowerment and revitalization of their language. At the same time, they view themselves as watchdogs, albeit within a culturally specific framework that has its own constraints. The article argues that the identified dimensions are reflective of evidence on Indigenous journalism from across the globe.

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Ka Rangona te Reo: The Development of Māori-language Television Broadcasting in Aotearoa New Zealand

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Charting a Theoretical Framework for Examining Indigenous Journalism Culture

Charting a Theoretical Framework for Examining Indigenous Journalism Culture

Sound and vision in the opening titles of Māori-language television news: A multimodal analysis of cultural hybridity

Dimensions of Indigenous journalism culture: Exploring Māori news-making in Aotearoa New Zealand

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