“…The scope of operational efficiency is, therefore, crucial for the long-term success of businesses. Operational efficiency is critical for businesses to achieve maximum production and profitability while avoiding waste (Dobija, 2021) and understanding and analyzing the aspects affecting operational efficiencies, such as production processes, supply chain management, personnel management, technology, and performance indicators (Chiarini, 2015;Jarkas, 2019;Kummer & Walter, 2018). Moreover, various methods and approaches, including lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, continuous improvement, and Total Quality Management (TQM), can increase operational efficiency (Kumar et al, 2020;Lee & Ko, 2018).…”