Judgments about collision in younger and older drivers

Estimating the relative weights of visual and auditory tau versus heuristic-based cues for time-to-contact judgments in realistic, familiar scenes by older and younger adults

“…Overall, the results demonstrated very few differences with respect to age, apart from the stronger reliance on heuristic cues by the older group in the audio-visual condition. These results are somewhat inconsistent with other studies of visual TTC, which have demonstrated more conservative estimates (i.e., underestimations of TTC) by older adults (e.g., DeLucia et al, 2003;Hancock & Manser, 1997;Schiff et al, 1992).…”

“…Healthy older adults often experience agerelated sensory, cognitive, and motor declines that may affect TTC estimates and may result in relative weightings of visual and auditory sensory inputs that differ from the relative weightings in younger adults. Indeed, differences in visual TTC judgments have been previously observed between younger and older adults (e.g., DeLucia, Bleckley, Meyer, & Bush, 2003;Hancock & Manser, 1997;Schiff, Oldak, & Shah, 1992). However, age differences have not been considered in TTC judgments when auditory or concurrent visual and auditory information is presented.…”

Crossing roads safely: An experimental study of age differences in gap selection by pedestrians

“…Others, too, have found that younger drivers and pedestrian use the same visual information when making gap judgements (Connelly et al, 1998;De Lucia et al, 2003;Simpson et al, 2003). Therefore, while in theory consideration of both distance and speed of approaching vehicles is highly pertinent to crossing roads, in practice this does not seem to happen.…”

“…Non-optimal road-crossing behaviour may then, in part, explain the high rate of fatal and serious injury crashes found for older pedestrians (Australian Transport Safety Some studies point to a link between age-related declines in driving and road-crossing skill and increased crash risk (Carthy et al, 1995;Helmers et al, 2004;Mathey, 1983;Oxley et al, 1997a;Oxley, 2000), and suggest that this may, in part, be caused by increasing difficulties in judging safe gaps in the traffic especially under complex conditions, such as two-directional traffic or when a decision needs to be made quickly. Gap selection difficulties in older people may in turn be due to age-related declines in perceiving objects in motion (Carthy et al, 1995;Cavallo and Laurent, 1988;De Lucia et al, 2003;Staplin and Lyles, 1991), estimating the time-ofarrival of an oncoming vehicle at the crossing point (Schiff et al, 1992;Scialfa et al, 1991) and/or compensating adequately for age-related declines in walking speed (Lee et al, 1984;Yanik and Monforton, 1991). Clearly, the abilities to perceive and integrate speed and distance information of approaching vehicles accurately and to select a gap large enough, taking account of any physical limitations, are crucial components of safe road-crossing.…”

Avaliação do comportamento do motorista, lócus de controle e estilos de direção no trânsito

“…Deste modo, verifi caram-se correlações positivas entre o fator violações avaliadas pelo QCM e o núme-ro de infrações e acidente de trânsito. Apesar das magnitudes dessas correlações serem baixas, al-guns estudos têm também identifi cado resultado semelhante, além de relatarem o fator violações do QCM como preditor para o envolvimento em acidentes (DeLucia et al, 2003;Olandoski, 2012;Özkan & Lajunen, 2005;Winter & Dodou, 2010).…”