“…Indeed, Jewish rabbis vigorously challenged the Christian appropriation of the Holy Land, of Israelite identity, and of Jewish relics. The imperial conceptualization of Constantinople as the New Jerusalem, and the emperor as a new Solomon, was countered in Jewish thought by the conceptualization of Jerusalem as the future Constantinople (Sivertsev 2011). This is seen, for instance, in an anonymous rabbinic manuscript from the sixteenth century (though based on older views) in which King Solomon is portrayed with all the trappings and powers of a Byzantine basileus, and biblical Jerusalem is shaped as a mirror image of the Byzantine capital.…”