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Antiochos the Great King, […] king of the world, king of Babylon, king of countries, […], foremost son of Seleukos, the king, the Macedonian […] am I'. 1 Thus begins the Cylinder of the Seleukid ruler Antiochos I Soter. This beautifully preserved cuneiform document from Seleukid Mesopotamia dated to 268 BCE has long been recognized as a crucial source for understanding Macedonian imperialism in the Middle East. 2 A foundation inscription found intact in the sanctuary of the Babylonian god Nabû at Borsippa, the Cylinder offers a unique snapshot of the empire's attitude towards indigenous populations and local culture. Attempts at analysis are still rare, however, as the Cylinder has been appropriated as evidence in support of the postcolonial paradigm that emphasizes the continuity of 1

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Ieder nadeel heb z'n eigen voordeel-Johan Cruijff 1 'Galatians' only when referring to those Celts who settled in Phrygia, in the country that was subsequently named Galatia. I will not use 'Gauls'. 3 the context of ruler cultoverlapped. Civic honours reflected royal propaganda and vice versa. Moreover, kings could actively manipulate cities in this respect, notably through the influence of Greek royal philoi, who acted as intermediaries between their native cities and the royal court. 3 For instance when Antigonos II Gonatas had defeated the Celts in Battle in 276 he was honoured as soter by the city of Eretria in a decree proposed by Menedemos, a philos of Gonatas (below, n. 47). Fourth, that although there were many ways to make political propagandabuildings and monuments, statues, epigraphy, literature, coinsthe main instrument was the word of mouth. Images on coins served as reminders of propaganda messages already current rather than being themselves the carriers of such messages. This article has a simple setup. As the main theme is victory propaganda, military events are briefly sketched, with discussions of the accompanying propaganda integrated in the chronology. I will start with the first recorded attack of the Celts on the Greek world, the attack on Delphi in 279, and end with the last Graeco-Celtic wars in Asia Minor in the early second century BC. 4 3 The workings of international xenia networks have been studied by G. Herman, Ritualised Friendship and the Greek City (Cambridge 1987); on 'Royal Friends' (courtiers) esp. pp. 153-5. 4 Comprehensive accounts of the Celtic Wars: E. Will, Histoire politique du monde hellénistique I (323-30 av. J.-C.) (2nd ed. Nancy 1982); N.G.L. Hammond and F.W. Walbank, A History of Macedonia. III: 336-167 B.C. (Oxford 1988). G. Nachtergael, Les Galates en Grèce et les Sôtéria de Delphes (Brussels 1977) is a thorough study of the Celtic invasion of Greece in 280-279 and its sources. H.D. Rankin, Celts in the Classical World (London and Sydney 1987) devotes one chapter to the invasion of 280-279, and one to the image of the Celts in Greek and Roman literature, and is mainly concerned with 'wie es eigentlich gewesen'. The account of the war up until 276 in W.W.