“…The majority of tubercular diseases in ungulates are caused by Mycobacterium bovis (18), which can also infect Old World and New World camelids (1,3,5,17,24,28). Among the latter, infections due to other mycobacteria, including M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, and M. microti, have been described (2,9,13,20,22,23). Mostly, animals in zoos are affected, while infections in their natural habitat in South America are rarely reported, suggesting that under natural conditions lamoids are not highly susceptible to infections with mycobacteria.…”