Generalized Tuberculosis in Llamas (<i>Lama glama</i>) Due to<i>Mycobacterium microti</i>

Oevermann, Anna; Pfyffer, Gaby E.; Zanolari, Patrik; Meylan, Mireille; Robert, Nadia

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.4.1818-1821.2004

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Alpacas 1 and 2 showed a combination of both nodular and diffuse patterns of TB in lungs and trachea together with ulceration of the mucosa and numerous AFB. Similar lesions have been previously reported in alpacas, other camelid species, and wild ruminants (3,14,16,21,22). On the other side, alpaca 3, which was also infected by M. bovis, showed miliary TB lining the pleural and peritoneal cavities with scarce AFB.…”

Section: Herdsupporting

confidence: 63%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tuberculosis in Alpacas ( Lama pacos ) Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report three cases of tuberculosis in alpacas from Spain caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The animals revealed two different lesional patterns. Mycobacterial culture and PCR assay yielded positive results for M. bovis. Molecular typing of the isolates identified spoligotype SB0295 and identical variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) allele sizes. CASE REPORT Herd 1. The affected herd comprised 32 alpacas (26 adults and six juveniles) and was located in the Ronda region (southern Spain). The animals were raised in outdoor facilities and were fed with commercial pellet feed, hay, and water ad libitum. In March 2009, a 7-year-old female alpaca (alpaca 1) showed dyspnea, fever, depression, lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss. One month later, an 8-year-old male alpaca (alpaca 2) presented chronic weight loss, bruxism, and dyspnea.

show abstract

Section: Herdsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Camelids are known to be susceptible to MTC, including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and/or Mycobacterium microti (8,17,23), and to Mycobacterium kansasii infections (11). Furthermore, TB cases have been recently reported in alpacas and llamas from different European countries (2,14,16,20).…”

Section: Herdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Alpacas ( Lama pacos ) Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This microorganism is generally thought to be a disease agent of small mammals, but occasional isolations have been reported from other species, such as pigs, llamas, dogs, cattle, and humans (6,7,11,12,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. microti can infect a variety of mammalian species, including wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), and shrews (Sorex araneus) (2)(3)(4)(5). Occasionally, it was also found in llamas, cats, pigs, cows, and dogs (3,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Recently, the widespread host range of M. microti seemed to be increasing, with reports of an infected cat population in England (9,14,15) and with accounts of new hosts, such as squirrel monkeys (16), meerkats (17), and South American camelids (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium microti Isolates in Wild Boar from Northern Italy

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately 23,000 hunter-harvested wild boars from the pre-Alpine area of northern Italy were examined for tuberculosis over a 9-year period (2003 to 2011). Retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes from the wild boars were examined grossly, and 1,151 of the lymph nodes were analyzed in our laboratory by histology (728 samples) and culture isolation (819 samples). Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)-specific PCR (1,142 samples) was used for molecular-level detection in tissue samples, as was a gyrB restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay (322 samples). Lesions compatible with tuberculosis and indistinguishable from those described in cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection had been observed since 2003. Mycobacterium microti was identified directly in 256 tissue samples by the adopted molecular approaches. However, only 26 M. microti strains were obtained by culture isolation due to the well-known difficulties in isolating this slow-growing mycobacterium. During 2006, a prevalence study was performed in two provinces of the area, and the diffusion of M. microti was calculated to be 5.8% (95% confidence intervals surrounding the estimated prevalences [CI P95% ], 3.94 to 7.68%). Over the following years (2007 to 2011), the presence of M. microti appeared to be stable. All isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping and exact tandem repeat analysis (ETR types A to F). In addition to the typical vole type (SB0118), a new spoligotype lacking the 43 spacers was found. Spoligotyping was also applied directly to tissue samples, and a geographical cluster distribution of the two spoligotypes was observed. This is the first report studying the diffusion and genetic variability of M. microti in wild boar.

show abstract

“…In recent years, M. bovis infections have been documented in alpaca and llama herds in parts of Europe, such as Great Britain (GB) (7, 37, 38), Ireland (32), and Spain (11), where this infection is endemic in cattle and wildlife. Also, SAC are known to be susceptible to M. microti, another member of the M. tuberculosis complex that can cause generalized disease with a fatal outcome in SAC (26,29,46). These infections are usually difficult to recognize in live animals because of the lack of reliable antemortem diagnostic tests and the nonspecific nature of the clinical signs of TB (4, 12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Animal-Side Antibody Assays for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti Infection in South American Camelids

Lyashchenko

Greenwald

Esfandiari

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused byMycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. Two serological methods, rapid testing (RT) and the dual-path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated using naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 alpacas and 175 llamas in Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. TB due to M. bovis (n ‫؍‬ 44) or M. microti (n ‫؍‬ 8) in 35 alpacas and 17 llamas was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture. Control animals were from herds with no TB history. The RT and the DPP assay showed sensitivities of 71% and 74%, respectively, for alpacas, while the sensitivity for llamas was 77% for both assays. The specificity of the DPP assay (98%) was higher than that of RT (94%) for llamas; the specificities of the two assays were identical (98%) for alpacas. When the two antibody tests were combined, the parallel-testing interpretation (applied when either assay produced a positive result) enhanced the sensitivities of antibody detection to 89% for alpacas and 88% for llamas but at the cost of lower specificities (97% and 93%, respectively), whereas the serial-testing interpretation (applied when both assays produced a positive result) maximized the specificity to 100% for both SAC species, although the sensitivities were 57% for alpacas and 65% for llamas. Over 95% of the animals with evidence of TB failed to produce skin test reactions, thus confirming concerns about the validity of this method for testing SAC. The findings suggest that serological assays may offer a more accurate and practical alternative for antemortem detection of camelid TB.Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most challenging and widespread zoonotic diseases in many countries (5,6,34). Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are the primary etiologic agents for human and bovine TB, respectively (8,30,39). M. bovis in particular is also known to cause TB in a broad range of domestic and wild mammal species (24,35). Infections with M. bovis have been shown to affect both New and Old World species of camelids (14,36,44,45). Tuberculosis in South American camelids (SAC), particularly in alpacas and llamas, has recently gained particular attention in Europe and in the United States, where these animals are being increasingly traded and kept in growing numbers as an alternative livestock industry (1). In recent years, M. bovis infections have been documented in alpaca and llama herds in parts of Europe, such as Great Britain (GB) (7, 37, 38), Ireland (32), and Spain (11), where this infection is endemic in cattle and wildlife. Also, SAC are known to be susceptible to M. microti, another member of the M. tuberculosis complex that can cause generalized disease with a fatal outcome in SAC (26,29,46). These infections are usually difficult to recognize in live animals because of the lack of reliable antemortem diagnostic tests and the nonspecific nature of the clinical signs of TB (4, 12). The intradermal tuberculin test is used in many countries, but that method is...

show abstract

Generalized Tuberculosis in Llamas (Lama glama) Due toMycobacterium microti

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Tuberculosis in Alpacas ( Lama pacos ) Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

Tuberculosis in Alpacas ( Lama pacos ) Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium microti Isolates in Wild Boar from Northern Italy

Diagnostic Value of Animal-Side Antibody Assays for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti Infection in South American Camelids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About