Purpose
The prevalence and determinants of sudden visual loss (SVL) are unknown in African Americans (AAs). Since SVL can be cardiovascular disease (CVD) related and CVD is highly prevalent in AAs, we examined the prevalence of and CVD factors related to self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer in the cohort of AAs enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).
Methods
The study population comprised of 5,301 participants enrolled from 2000–2004 in the metropolitan area of Jackson, MS. All participants who responded to the question “Have you ever had any sudden loss of vision or blurring, lasting 24 hours or longer?” on the baseline stroke questionnaire were included in the study. We estimated the prevalence of SVL and used regression modeling to identify CVD factors independently related to SVL.
Results
There were 5262 participants included, of which 63% (3334/5262) were female. The prevalence of SVL was 3.6% (193/5262) overall (4.4% in females and 2.4% in males) and 8.7% (84/965) in patients with DM. Factors independently related to SVL included coronary heart disease (OR, 1.69 [95%CI, 1.12–2.56]), cerebrovascular disease (OR, 2.81 [95%CI, 1.76–4.47]), diabetes (OR, 2.85 [95% CI, 2.05–3.94]), hypertension (OR, 1.64 [95%CI, 1.09–2.45]), female gender (OR, 1.82 [95%CI: 1.24–2.67]), and income less than $50,000 (OR, 2.05 [95%CI: 1.28–3.30].
Conclusions
In this cohort of AAs, self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer was highly prevalent in women and those with diabetes, and was independently related to gender, CVD, CVD risk factors and household income.