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Introduction Scholarly concentration programs have become a common method to promote student inquiry and independent research in medical schools. Given the high resource requirements of scholarly concentration program implementation, it is important to examine program efficacy. This systematic review examined the impact of scholarly concentration programs on student research productivity. Methods The authors carried out a literature search to find articles related to scholarly concentration program research productivity outcomes. The inclusion criterion was a method of rigorously evaluating program scholarly productivity.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of bicycle-related injuries presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs). Methods:The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) database was used to derive national, weighted estimates of nonfatal ED visits for bicycle-related injuries by patient age, sex, diagnosis, injured body part, locale of incident, traffic-relatedness of incident, and month of incident.Results: Males accounted for 73% of all bicycle-related injury ED visits. Patients aged 10 to 14 years represented the 5-year age interval with the highest rate of bicycle injury visits (488 per 10,000). Fifty-six percent of ED visits for bicycle-related injuries came from cyclists who were riding on the street, with increased street ridership in those who were older than 15 years, and 99.7% of all patient injuries occurring on the street (as opposed to other locations) were related to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The head and face were the most injured body parts in the overall population. In addition, the largest proportion of head injuries, relative to total injuries in the age group, occurred in the very young (0 to 4 years) and elderly (65+ years) populations. The leading rider injury diagnoses were contusion, abrasions, and hematomas. The incidence of bicycle-related injuries peaked in the month of July. Conclusions:The study identified the characteristics of bicycle-related injuries across various age groups of riders. This information will aid in developing more effective age-appropriate injury prevention strategies. The frequency of MVC-related injuries deserves attention and suggests the need to examine strategies for limiting interactions between moving vehicles and bicyclists.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2013; 20:570-575

OBJECTIVE To provide continued follow-up of a cohort of ophthalmology clinician-scientists who received National Institutes of Health (NIH) K career development grants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort study from an electronic database review of ophthalmologists who have received either a K08 or K23 career development grant from the NIH. Data were analyzed between December 30, 2015, and December 30, 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Receipt of an NIH R01 grant. RESULTS We previously characterized a group of more than 100 ophthalmologists who received K awards from 1996 to 2010, of whom 29 were awarded R01 grants. In follow-up of this cohort in 2017, 27 additional K awardees of this initial cohort were awarded an R01 from 2011 to 2017, leading to a total of 62 of 128 ophthalmologists receiving an R01. The mean time to receiving an R01 grant after the K award ended was 2.8 years. The data did not identify a definitive association with sex, having a PhD degree, or research tier of university in obtaining an R01 grant in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In comparison with our previous report of the same cohort, there was a 93% increase in the number of K awardees who have received an R01 award, with the mean time to award being nearly 3 years after completing their K grant. This suggests that most K awardees in ophthalmology are successful in obtaining R01 grants, but one should recognize this may be several years after their K grant has ended.

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Purpose: To describe the utilization of customized made-to-specification porous polyethylene implants and to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who received these implants for unilateral orbital defects. Methods: A retrospective review of 9 patients was performed. Three-dimensional surface models were generated from high-resolution computed tomography scans. Orbital constructs were modeled after the normal, contralateral orbits and mirrored across the vertical midline to generate the target orbital implant. Measured outcomes included globe position, extraocular motility, facial symmetry, and diplopia. Results: Patients ranged 25–56 years old (mean: 37) and included 6 males and 3 females. Cases consisted of 6 orbital floor fractures due to trauma, 1 lateral wall defect after neurofibroma resection, 1 floor/medial wall defect after myxoma resection, and 1 superior orbital rim defect after intraosseous hemangioma resection. Seven patients had ≥1 prior repair. All patients had previous hard and soft tissue defects and varying degrees of restrictive globe motility. Patients exhibited improved ductions after implant placement and improved facial appearance and symmetry. Post-operatively, 1 patient was found to have a small orbital hematoma between the implant and orbital floor, resolving within weeks. Conclusions: Precision, personalized oculofacial surgery is the next wave in tailoring surgical care to the individual patient. Customizable implants are manufactured to specifically mold to an individual patient’s unique bony architecture, which can lead to superior outcomes in reconstructing orbital and craniofacial bony defects. This technique is particularly useful in patients with prior unsuccessful repair.

PurposeWe evaluate patient-reported quality of life outcomes in severely visually impaired (SVI) individuals using the Aira system, an on demand assistive wearable technology.MethodsAira is an on-demand assistive wearable technology designed for the severely visually impaired (visual acuity of better eye <20/200). The user wears glasses with a video camera mounted that, when activated, livestreams to a human agent who assists the user in the specified task. Aira subscribers were recruited consecutively and administered the 28-item Impact of Vision Impairment-Very Low Vision (IVI-VLV) Questionnaire, a previously validated survey for vision-related quality of life specifically for low vision individuals. The questionnaire was administered by phone before starting Aira and at 3-month follow-up. Total score as well as validated subset scores of activities of daily living, mobility and safety (ADLMS) and emotional wellbeing (EWB) were assessed.ResultsA total of 69 participants (mean age, 52.1; 35 female, 34 male) were recruited with a mean of 108 (SD = 19.7) days to follow-up. Mean total minutes used over the interval were 334.1 (SD = 318.5). Initial total score (mean 51.7 ± 18.6) significantly improved at follow-up (mean 62.2 ± 15.0; P < 0.0001) with mean change +10.4 ± 12.5. ADLMS subset score (mean 30.4 ± 10.8) significantly improved at follow-up (mean 36.6 ± 8.8; P < 0.0001) with mean change +6.5 ± 8.7. EWB subset score (mean 21.6 ± 8.8) significantly improved at follow-up (mean 25.6 ± 7.9 respectively; P < 0.0001) with mean change +4.0 ± 5.2. There was no correlation between minutes used and improvement in total (r = −0.205, P = 0.098), ADLMS (r = −0.237, P = 0.055), and EWB (r = −0.242, P = 0.051) scores.ConclusionsIn this exploratory study, regardless of minutes used, the use of Aira significantly improves IVI-VLV total score and ADLMS and EWB subscores for SVI individuals. This improvement is not correlated with total minutes used.Translational RelevanceThe Aira assistive technology system may provide improvement in quality of life for low vision patients and is worthy of further study to assess the use of this technology to assist SVI patients.

IntroductionMotor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of injury in the United States (U.S.). Detailed knowledge of MVC eye injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments (ED) will aid clinicians in diagnosis and management. The objective of the study was to describe the incidence, risk factors, and characteristics of non-fatal motor vehicle crash-associated eye injuries presenting to U.S. EDs from 2001 to 2008.MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) from 2001 to 2008 to assess the risk of presenting to an ED with a MVC-associated eye injury in relation to specific occupant characteristics, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, disposition, and occupant (driver/passenger) status.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2008, an estimated 75,028 MVC-associated eye injuries presented to U.S. EDs. The annual rate of ED-treated eye injuries resulting from MVCs declined during this study period. Males accounted for 59.6% of eye injuries (95% confidence interval [CI] 56.2%–63.0%). Rates of eye injury were highest among 15–19 year olds (5.8/10,000 people; CI 4.3–6.0/10,000) and among African Americans (4.5/10,000 people; CI 2.0–7.1/10,000). Drivers of motor vehicles accounted for 62.2% (CI 58.3%–66.1%) of ED-treated MVC eye injuries when occupant status was known. Contusion/Abrasion was the most common diagnosis (61.5%; CI 56.5%–66.4%). Among licensed U.S. drivers, 16–24 year olds had the highest risk (3.7/10,000 licensed drivers; CI 2.6–4.8/10,000).ConclusionThis study reports a decline in the annual incidence of ED-treated MVC-associated eye injuries. The risk of MVC eye injury is greatest among males, 15 to 19 year olds and African Americans.