Isosorbide spacer containing gemini surfactants: surface and biochemical study

Physico-biochemical studies on cationic gemini surfactants: Role of spacer

“…However, amide based gemini surfactants (15)(16)(17) show weak dependence on the nature of the spacer. Similar CMC trend was observed in our previous work [41] where the isosorbide based gemini surfactants were having lower CMC values than the polymethylene based geminis (5-7) [47]. Among the same alkyl chain length (m = 16), amide spacer based gemini surfactant (17) has one order of magnitude higher CMC (4.38 × 10 −5 mol) compared to ester spacer based gemini surfactant (12, 3.4 × 10 −6 mol) (Fig.…”

“…Recently, large difference in micellization (mainly CMC), surface properties, DNA binding and cytotoxicity have been observed with isosorbide spacer based cationic gemini surfactants over conventional ones [41]. To continue our research work in this direction, we have synthesized and characterized six new biocompatible spacer based cationic gemini surfactants with dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl alkyl chain (m = 12, 14 or 16) and compared their solution behavior with polymethylene spacer based gemini surfactants.…”

Mini-review: Synthetic methods for the production of cationic sugar-based surfactants

“…The commitment to a fully green process has also not yet been fulfilled has these methods still rely on toxic reagents and solvents, and finally, another challenge to overcome are the low yields attained with some processes [37,38,[51][52][53] The synthesis of cationic sugar-based surfactants has been developing since the 40 0 s with the reaction of glucose with amines [54]. Currently, synthetic methods to produce cationic single chain sugar-based surfactants and cationic sugar-based gemini are described in the literature [37][38][39][45][46][47][48][49][51][52][53][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. In the following sections the synthesis of these surfactants will be discussed in detail with the respective yields presented for each reaction pathway after purification.…”

Studies on Synthesis, Characterization, Micellar Features, and Solubilization of Four Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants

“…They are a category of amphiphilic compounds that are a novel and important topic for colloids and surface sciences. GSs have practices that are more functional in preparation of mesoporous materials, corrosion inhibitors, oil recovery, phase transfer catalysts, polymerization, biomedical applications, DNA extraction, drug delivery, gene delivery, and as germicides. − They occur from two amphiphilic parts. A small, long, rigid, or stretchy spacer attaches these two amphiphilic parts at the level or very close to the head groups .…”