Physico-biochemical studies on cationic gemini surfactants: Role of spacer

Parikh, Kushan; Mistry, Bhavesh V.; Jana, Sarmita; Gupta, Sarita; Devkar, Ranjitsinh V.; Kumar, Sanjeev

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2015.01.055

Cited by 47 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A substantial part of research interest is devoted to gemini surfactants with ester groups. They can be located either in the hydrophobic tails of gemini molecules [9,10,11,12,13] or in their spacers [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. It was found that the presence of ester bonds in the gemini surfactant molecular structure affects the physico-chemical and aggregation properties of these surfactants, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bisimidazolium gemini surfactants with variable length of the alkyl chains containing two ester groups and a constant spacer length showed very low cmc and a good efficiency in reducing the surface tension of water [13]. Ester-based gemini surfactants also show potent biological activity such as antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity [20,21]. Research interest is also devoted to cleavable gemini surfactants bearing amide groups which are located either in the gemini spacer [23,24] or are part of hydrocarbon tails [25,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Assembly Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Biodegradable Groups in the Spacer

et al. 2019

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: Self-assembly properties of cationic gemini surfactants with biodegradable amide or ester groups in the spacer were investigated utilising time-resolved fluorescence quenching, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. A correlation between aggregation parameters such as micelle aggregation number, micelle size and zeta potential with the structure of gemini molecules was made. For gemini molecules with medium spacer lengths, micelle aggregation number does not change much with the surfactant concentration. When the spacer is extended, a stronger aggregation tendency is observed for gemini surfactant molecules with two ester groups in the spacer and the aggregation number increases. The assumption of stronger aggregation of ester-based gemini molecules at larger spacer number values is also documented by measurements of the size and zeta potential of ester-based micelles. The explanation of the difference in aggregation ability of amide-based and ester-based gemini molecules is related to the structural features of gemini molecules, notably to the larger flexibility and denser arrangement of ester-based gemini molecules in a micelle. To support this assumption, optimised 3D models of the studied gemini molecules were constructed. Correspondingly, the calculations show smaller size and interfacial area for ester-based gemini conformers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Biodegradable Groups in the Spacer

et al. 2019

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“…The CMC of 2C 12 (2-N-2) was similar to that of 2C 12 (2-O-2) with a bis [2-(dimethylammonio)ethyl]ether spacer. It has been previously reported that gemini surfactants with atoms such as nitrogen and oxygen in the spacer exhibited similar CMC; the CMC of the gemini surfactant with amide bond in the spacer was 0.160 mmol dm −3 , 12 and the CMC of the gemini surfactant with ester group in spacer was 0.112 mmol dm −3 . 12 Therefore, the micelle-forming ability of the gemini surfactants in solution was not affected by atoms such as nitrogen and oxygen in the spacer.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Materials. Quaternary ammonium salt-type gemini surfactants with spacers containing cyclic structures such as diethylene and triethylene chains, and atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen were synthesized by the reaction of ethyleneamine derivatives and n- 12 (2/2/2)-1-OH) were subjected to counterion exchange of Br − with Cl − to improve water solubility. The synthetic procedures, 1 H NMR data, and results of elemental analysis of the 2C 12 (Spacer) gemini surfactants are provided in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is interesting that the chain lengths and spacer characteristics of gemini surfactants affect their adsorption properties at the air/water interface and micellar properties in aqueous solutions. There have been many reports of gemini surfactants with different spacer structures. − However, there are a relatively few reports on the structures of gemini surfactants that focus on the changes in their properties caused by changing the spacer structures, which were cyclic structures such as diethylene and triethylene chains instead of benzene ring and amino group instead of the amide group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Spacer Structures on the Interfacial Adsorption and Micelle Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt-Based Gemini Surfactants

2021

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In this study, we synthesized quaternary ammonium salt-based gemini surfactants, 2C 12 (Spacer), with different spacer structures using ethylenediamine derivatives, and investigated their adsorption and aggregation properties by measuring their electrical conductivity, surface tension, fluorescence, and viscosity in conjunction with dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering studies to investigate the effect of spacer structures on the properties of the gemini surfactants. The gemini surfactants with spacers containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms were highly soluble in water, whereas those with rigid spacers containing diethylene and triethylene chains exhibited low water solubility. The adsorption and orientation of the gemini surfactants at the air/ water interface were significantly affected by the spacer length. Among the synthesized gemini surfactants, the one with the N,N′-dimethylpiperazine spacer showed the highest surface activity. In contrast, the gemini surfactant with the 1-methyl-4-[2-(N,N-dimethylammonio)ethyl]piperazin-1-ium spacer containing an ethylene chain attached to the amino group in the N,N′-dimethylpiperazine spacer (2C 12 (2/2-N-2)) adsorbed efficiently. However, due to the increased spacer length, this surfactant was unable to orient efficiently at the air/water interface.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of New Anionic Gemini Dispersants as Oil Dispersants to Treat Crude Oil Spill Pollution

Kandeel

El‐Din

Badr

et al. 2020

J Surfact & Detergents

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Floating petroleum oil spills on the marine ecosystem are generally associated with an escalation of serious environmental problems. This research aimed to synthesis five water‐soluble anionic Gemini dispersants to minimize the effect of floating petroleum oil spills on the marine ecosystem. Referring to the spacer type, these dispersant are classified into two categories: the first category is the three acyl amine Gemini dispersants of N,N′‐ diacyl, (distearoyl‐, dipalmitoy‐, and dimyristoyl‐) N,N‐′ sodium 2‐hydroxy 3‐propane sulfonate propane 1,3 diamine, denoted S, P, and M, and the second category is two alkyl amine Gemini dispersants of N,N′dialkyl ‐(dicetyl‐, and dilauryl‐) N,N′‐sodium 2‐hydroxy 3‐propane sulfonate propane 1,3 diamine, denoted C and L. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental analysis were used to verify the chemical formula of the synthesized dispersants. The effectiveness of the synthesized dispersants was investigated as regards their dynamic interfacial tension, carbon–chain length, and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. The dispersion efficiency of the synthesized dispersant was detected qualitatively and quantitatively using the screen test and Warren Spring Laboratory methods, respectively. Experimental outcomes showed that the maximum dispersion efficiency of 94.7 wt% was achieved by dispersant C at a dispersant\oil ratio of 1:20 at 25°C.

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Physico-biochemical studies on cationic gemini surfactants: Role of spacer

Cited by 47 publications

References 62 publications

Self-Assembly Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Biodegradable Groups in the Spacer

Self-Assembly Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Biodegradable Groups in the Spacer

Effect of Spacer Structures on the Interfacial Adsorption and Micelle Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt-Based Gemini Surfactants

Synthesis and Evaluation of New Anionic Gemini Dispersants as Oil Dispersants to Treat Crude Oil Spill Pollution

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