Isolation, purification, and stereochemistry of simmondsin

Boven, Maurits Van; Blaton, N. M.; Cokelaere, Marnix; Daenens, Paul

doi:10.1021/jf00034a015

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…They had free access to water and complete rodent food (10.1 kj/kg metabolizable energy, 18 % crude protein; Carfil, Oud-Turnhout, Belgium) was offered as flour in mangers, designed to avoid spilling (Scholtz, Overijse, Belgium). Simmondsin was prepared as described by Van Boven et al (10). Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) was purchased from Sigma, MO, USA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Simmondsin and Cholecystokinin on Metabolism, Brown Adipose Tissue and the Pancreas in Food-Restricted Rats

Flo

Vermaut²,

Boven³

et al. 1998

Horm Metab Res

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In this study, we investigated the analogies between the physiological effects of simmondsin, a satiety-inducing glycoside extracted from jojoba seeds, and the gastro-intestinal satiation peptide, cholecystokinin. The effects of intraperitoneal injection of the biological active CCK-octapeptide on the pancreas, interscapular brown adipose tissue, growth performance and energy metabolism in normal-fed, severely food intake-restricted (50 % of normal food intake) or moderately food intake-restricted (65 % of normal food intake) growing rats were compared to the effects of 0.25 % simmondsin mixed in the food, inducing moderate food intake reduction (65 % of normal) in rats. Cholecystokinin induced pancreatic hypertrophy. In normal fed rats, cholecystokinin had no effect on brown adipose tissue or growth, while, in severely food intake-restricted rats, it caused brown adipose tissue hypertrophy and reduced growth. In moderately food intake-restricted rats, both cholecystokinin and simmondsin induced pancreatic hypertrophy, increased brown adipose weight and metabolism and caused a slight decrease in growth. We conclude that cholecystokinin may decrease growth performance in fast growing severely food intake-restricted rats by stimulating brown adipose tissue metabolism, probably because of protein shortage induced by pancreatic hyperstimulation. Simmondsin has similar effects. These results support the hypothesis that endogenous cholecystokinin is involved in the effects of simmondsin in rats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Simmondsin and Cholecystokinin on Metabolism, Brown Adipose Tissue and the Pancreas in Food-Restricted Rats

Flo

Vermaut²,

Boven³

et al. 1998

Horm Metab Res

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“…DJM was extracted three times with aqueous solutions of isopropanol. The suspensions were stirred for different periods (2–24 hr) at room temperature (23°C) then the supernatants and residues were analyzed for simmondsin and antinutrition factors according to Van Boven et al (). Conversely, DJM was extracted by acetone, methanol, and boiling water for 12 hr according to Verbiscar et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total carbohydrate was determined according to Bernfeld (1955) and Miller (1959). Total simmondsin in JM was determined according to Van Boven, Blaton, Cokelaere, and Daenens (1993) as follows; JM (1 kg) was first deffated (DJM) with n-hexane (5 L) to eliminate the remaining residues of oil. DJM was extracted with acetone for 12 hr using Soxhlet apparatus.…”

Section: Analysis Of Jmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of detoxification methods on the quality and safety of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) meal

2017

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This study was conducted to compare the effect of different detoxification methods on the composition and safety of defatted jojoba meal (DJM). Solvents, microwave, and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, and bifidobacteria) treatments were used to detoxify and reduce the antinutrition factors in DJM. The results indicated that there were differences between treatments applied to detoxify DJM. Treatment of DJM with isopropanol and Lactobacillus acidophilus was able to reduce antinutrition factors and simmondsin. Detoxified‐DJM that contained lower levels of antinutrition factors and simmondsin were further evaluated by feeding studies using experimental animals. After 8 weeks of feeding studies, there were no statistically significant differences between animal groups fed on basal diet, isopropanol‐treated DJM, and Lactobacillus acidophilus‐treated DJM in terms of body weight gain and relative organ weights. The group fed on untreated DJM showed a decrease in total albumin, globulin, protein, and lipid profile. The activities of liver enzymes were increased indicating incidence of liver dysfunction. Groups fed isopropanol‐treated DJM and L. acidophilus‐treated DJM exhibited improvement in serum parameters (i.e., total lipids, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver function enzymes with no potential adverse health/toxic effects. Histopathological examinations of liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of rats fed on detoxified DJM showed the same histological features as the control rats. In conclusion, isopropanol and L. acidophilus could be applied for detoxification of DJM. Isopropanol and L. acidophilus detoxified‐DJM could be recommended as a safe food or feed ingredient, since it had no potential adverse health/toxic effects. Practical applications This work described the effect of different methods for detoxification and degradation of antinutrition factors in DJM. The results indicated that the methods used, LAB and bifidobacteria, and isopropanol had high ability for detoxification of DJM. Lactobacillus acidophilus strain had the highest ability to reduce antinutrition factors and simmondsin. The incorporation of isopropanol‐treated and L. acidophilus‐treated DJM to basal diet had no potential adverse health/toxic effects. Therefore, isopropanol‐treated and L. acidophilus‐treated DJM could be recommended as safe food grade ingredients.

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“…Simmondsin was extracted from jojoba meal and purified as described before by Van Boven et al (1993). A homogenous mixture of simmondsin was accomplished by mixing 2Á5 g HPLC pure powdered simmondsin with 50 g rat chow (presented as flour; Carfil, OudTurhout, Belgium), and then diluting the mixture with rat chow to 1 kg, mixing it in a Kenwood mixer for 2 h. Rats were housed in hanging wire cages and maintained at 22 AE 2 C on a 12±12 h light±dark cycle (lights off at 8 p.m.).…”

Section: Material Animals and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%