Isolation of the Toxic Principle in Acacia georginae

Oelrichs, Peter B.; McEwan, Troy E.

doi:10.1038/190808a0

Cited by 68 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…A few plants, Dichapetalum cymosum (6), Palicourea marcgravii (12), Acacia georginae (11,14,19), Gastrolobium grandiflorum (7), and Oxylobium species (1), are not only resistant to fluoroacetate but also synthesize it from fluoride at high concentrations. However, only speculative biosynthetic pathways of fluoroacetate in plants have been proposed, without evidence (8-10, 13, 18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A solution containing [1,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C]bromoacetic acid (1 g; 7.2 mmol) and potassium hydroxide (580 mg; 14.5 mmol) in 15 ml of water was autoclaved in a sealed vial at 120ЊC for 15 min. The solution was concentrated to 3 ml by evaporation, adjusted to pH 2 with 1 N HCl, and loaded on an Extrelute column (Merck).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The solution was concentrated to 3 ml by evaporation, adjusted to pH 2 with 1 N HCl, and loaded on an Extrelute column (Merck). [1,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C]glycolate was eluted with 100 ml of ethyl ether and obtained by evaporation of the solvent as a white powder (385 mg; 5 mmol), with a yield of 69%. Tracer experiments with growing mycelia were carried out by the addition of a 14 C-labeled compound to 50 ml of the culture broth grown on medium K supplemented with 10 mM KF for 5 days.…”

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Synthesis of fluoroacetate from fluoride, glycerol, and beta-hydroxypyruvate by Streptomyces cattleya

et al. 1995

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Synthesis of fluoroacetate from fluoride, glycerol, and beta-hydroxypyruvate by Streptomyces cattleya

et al. 1995

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“…Several plants species worldwide contain fluoroacetate, which can produce poisoning and sudden death (Marais 1944, Oelrichs & McEwan 1962, McEwan 1964. In Brazil, poisonous plants that cause sudden death due to heart failure are among the main causes of cattle losses (Tokarnia et al 2002).…”

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Ultrastructural lesions in the myocardium and kidneys of rabbits in experimental acute Amorimia exotropica poisoning

et al. 2016

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RESUMO.-[Lesões ultra-estruturais no miocárdio e rins de coelhos na intoxicação experimental aguda por Amorimia exotropica.] Amorimia exotropica é uma importante planta associada à morte súbita em bovinos no Sul do Brasil. Visando compreender os mecanismos pelos quais a A. exotropica provoca lesões agudas no coração e rins de animais intoxicados, foi conduzido uma intoxicação experimental em coelhos para determinar a histopatologia e ultraestrutura da lesão miocárdica e renal. Depois de receber 18g/kg de planta seca, seis coelhos morreram subitamente. Na necropsia, o fígado apresentava acentuação do padrão Amorimia exotropica is an important plant associated with sudden death in cattle in Southern Brazil. In order to understand the mechanisms by which A. exotropica causes acute lesions in the heart and kidney of intoxicated animals, an experiment was conducted to determine the histopathology and ultrastructure of myocardial and renal lesions of intoxicated rabbits. After receiving 18g/kg of dried plant, six rabbits died suddenly. At necropsy, the liver was swollen and no other macroscopic lesions were observed. Histologically, centrolobular and midzonal hepatocytes were vacuolated. These vacuoles were strong PAS stained positive, suggesting that they corresponded to glycogen accumulations. In some regions of the ventricular septum and ventricles were found vacuoles of different sizes and the kidneys of two rabbits showed vacuolar degeneration on distal convoluted tubules. Ultrastructurally, the myocardium had cardiomyocytes swelling with separation of myofibrils bundles and rupture and disorganization of the sarcomeres. The mitochondria displayed swelling, disorganization, disruption of the mitochondrial cristae, and electron-dense matrix. Some mitochondria exhibited eccentric projections of their membranes with disruption of both outer and inner membranes. The sarcoplasmic reticulum had no alterations, whereas the T-tubule system was occasionally dilated and ruptured. The kidneys had mitochondrial swelling with disorganization and disruption of the mitochondrial cristae. The vacuoles result from the swelling of the endoplasmatic reticulum and usually were located between two basolateral infoldings and mitochondria, occurring preferentially around the nucleus. The myocytes and T system damages induced by A. exotropica result in acute heart failure and death. Furthermore, this mechanism of cardiotoxicity may be common to all plant containing monofluoroacetate.

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“…Na África do Sul, esse composto foi isolado e identificado por Marais (1944) em Dichapetalum cymosum e na Austrália, em Acacia georginae (Oelrichs & McEwan 1962), Gastrolobium spp. (McEwan 1964) e Oxylobium spp.…”

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Avaliações clínico-patológicas e laboratoriais da intoxicação experimental por monofluoroacetato de sódio em ovinos

et al. 2010

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a administração de doses únicas e de frações diárias da dose letal de monofluoroacetato de sódio (MF) a ovinos induzem a clássica degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar (DHV) dos túbulos uriníferos contornados distais observada no rim de bovinos intoxicados por plantas brasileiras que causam "morte súbita" (PBCMS). MF foi administrado, por via oral, em doses únicas de 0,5 e 1,0mg/kg, cada dose para dois ovinos, e em doses subletais repetidas diariamente de 0,1mg/kg/dia, por quatro dias, e 0,2mg/kg/dia por seis dias, cada dose para um ovino. Todos os ovinos que receberam MF morreram, exceto um que recebeu 0,5mg/kg e não mostrou sintomas. A evolução da intoxicação variou de 3min a 33h5min. Clinicamente os animais apresentaram taquicardia, respiração abdominal, tremores musculares, ligeira perda de equilíbrio, por vezes cambaleavam, deitavam e apoiavam a cabeça no flanco. Na fase final, os ovinos caíam em decúbito lateral, esticavam os membros, faziam movimentos de pedalagem, apresentavam opistótono e morriam. O exame ecocardiográfico evidenciou dilatação cardíaca e redução da fração de encurtamento sistólico. A análise dos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina revelou moderada a acentuada azotemia. MF provocou "morte súbita" em todos os ovinos que mostraram sintomas. À necropsia verificaram-se aurículas e veias jugulares, cavas, ázigos e pulmonares moderadamente ingurgitadas e, em alguns animais, edema pulmonar. O exame histopatológico revelou, em todos os ovinos, leve a acentuada DHV das células epiteliais dos túbulos contornados distais, associada à picnose nuclear. Adicionalmente, verificaram-se discreta vacuolização e, por vezes, necrose de coagulação de hepatócitos. Não encontramos referências a esse tipo peculiar de lesão, exceto das descrições sobre lesões renais associadas à ingestão de PBCMS e de recentes estudos em bovinos intoxicados com MF. Este trabalho demonstra, em ovinos, que tanto doses letais únicas quanto subdoses diárias de MF induzem a DHV dos túbulos uriníferos contornados distais associada à picnose nuclear.

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Isolation of the Toxic Principle in Acacia georginae

Cited by 68 publications

References 2 publications

Synthesis of fluoroacetate from fluoride, glycerol, and beta-hydroxypyruvate by Streptomyces cattleya

Synthesis of fluoroacetate from fluoride, glycerol, and beta-hydroxypyruvate by Streptomyces cattleya

Ultrastructural lesions in the myocardium and kidneys of rabbits in experimental acute Amorimia exotropica poisoning

Avaliações clínico-patológicas e laboratoriais da intoxicação experimental por monofluoroacetato de sódio em ovinos

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