Isolation of Rhodococcus equi from Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Japan

Sakai, Mayuko; Ohno, Ryoko; Higuchi, Chihiro; Sudo, M.; Suzuki, Kazuo; Sato, Hiroshi; Maeda, Ken; Sasaki, Yukako; Kakuda, Tsutomu; Takaı̈, Shinji

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.815

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…This microorganism is widespread in the soil and the environment of the animals, particularly the horse stables (Cohen et al, 2012). The natural infection with R. equi has been detected in humans as well as in horse, cattle, pigs, deer, dogs, goats, cats, sheep and wild birds (Presscott, 1991;Takai, 1997;Sakai et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an opportunistic bacterium, causing rhodococcosis, a zoonotic problem that can be confused with tuberculosis (Silva et al, 2010). Besides human and horses, infections with this pathogen has been detected in a number of animal species like cattle, pigs, deer, dogs, goats, cats, sheep, and wild animals (Prescott, 1991;Sakai et al, 2012;Cohen et al, 2014). However, members of equine family are its main target (Takai, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of vapA and vapB Genes in Rhodococcus equi Isolated from Human and Horses by Multiplex PCR in Baghdad

Al-Graibawi¹,

Mohammed²

2015

J. Anim. Health Prod.

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| This study was conducted for Isolation and molecular characterization of Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) isolates from human and horse specimens. A total of 203 samples (100 human sputum and 103 horses' faecal samples) were collected from different places in Baghdad, Iraq during november 2014 to april 2015. The samples were streaked on nalidixic acid-novobiocin-actidione cycloheximide-potassium tellurite (NANAT) agar, then the suspected colonies were subcultured on nutrient and blood agars. Confirmation as R equi was done by assessing the colony on the basis of their morphology and through staining and biochemical tests, followed by testing for the presence of the virulence-associated protein antigen vapA and VapB genes by multiplex PCR. Culture examination of 103 horses' faeces samples revealed the isolation of 7 (6.79%) R. equi, all of them 14.71% (7/49) were obtained from Equestrian club in Al-Ameria location and the bacteriological examination of the 100 human sputum samples showed the recovery of 4 (4.00%) isolates of R equi. The results showed that only 57.14% (4/7) of the R. equi isolates from horses' samples were vapA positive. All the 11 isolates included in this study were negative for vapB gene. This is the first study in Iraq to confirm the presence of vapA gene in R. equi isolated from horse samples indicating the contamination of the horse stables with virulent R. equi. Therefore, it is very important to take care when people deal with the animals or their environment to avoid the infection with this pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of vapA and vapB Genes in Rhodococcus equi Isolated from Human and Horses by Multiplex PCR in Baghdad

Al-Graibawi¹,

Mohammed²

2015

J. Anim. Health Prod.

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“…Another study in Japan, described recently isolation of 45 (52%) R. equi strains from submaxillary lymph nodes of 86 wild boar. From these strains were found vapB-positive in 21 (24.0%) strains, predominantly types 2, 1 and 4 plasmids, while vapA gene was found in 1 (1.0%) strain, and 23 (27.0%) remaining isolates were avirulent [24]. Currently, a Brazilian study of the virulence genes and plasmid profiles of the R. equi isolates from the lymph nodes of slaughtered wild boar found that 63.2% of the isolates contained the vapB gene, and the majority was identified as carrying type 8 plasmids [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the human with rhodococcosis generally have no history of contact with pigs, wild boar or the environments of these species [25]. It is possible that the consumption of undercooked pig and wild boar products may be a route of infection with R. equi in humans in some countries [6,8,24,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchopneumonia in wild boar (Sus scrofa) caused by Rhodococcus equi carrying the VapB type 8 plasmid

et al. 2013

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BackgroundRhodococcus equi is associated with pyogranulomatous infections, especially in foals, and this bacterium has also emerged as a pathogen for humans, particularly immunocompromised patients. R. equi infections in pigs, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and humans are mainly due to strains carrying the intermediate virulence (VapB) plasmid. In Brazil, R. equi carrying the VapB type 8 plasmid is the most common type recovered from humans co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). R. equi infection in pigs and wild boar is restricted predominantly to the lymphatic system, without any reports of pulmonary manifestations.FindingsThis report describes the microbiological and histopathological findings, and molecular characterization of R. equi in two bronchopneumonia cases in wild boar using PCR and plasmid profile analysis by digestion with restriction endonucleases. The histological findings were suggestive of pyogranulomatous infection, and the plasmid profile of both R. equi isolates enabled the characterization of the strains as VapB type 8.ConclusionsThis is the first report of bronchopneumonia in wild boar due to R. equi. The detection of the VapB type 8 plasmid in R. equi isolates emphasize that wild boar may be a potential source of pathogenic R. equi strains for humans.

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“…ileocolici, i Lnn. colici) on post-mortem examination [8,22,54,[59][60][61][62]. Similar lesions can be caused by other nonmycobacterial agents, such as Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., or various enterobacteria [42,63].…”

Section: Mac Diagnostics -Main Pointsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mycobacteriosis in Pigs – An Underrated Threat

Polaček

Aleksić-Kovačević

2016

Acta Veterinaria

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Although Mycobacterium avium subspecies are generally not considered food pathogens, the infections caused by these particular nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can represent a serious threat to immunocompromised population. Additionally, infections with a member of Mycobacterium Avium Compex (MAC) can affect the effi ciency of BCG vaccines used for the humans. In infected animals, M. avium may be present in different tissues without apparent clinical symptoms and macroscopic lesions. Veterinary meat inspection would then fail to recognize infected animals and such meat and meat products thereof could enter the human diet. The aim of this paper is also to analyze the current control policy in Europe according to infections of pigs with the members of MAC, and point out the risks for public health. By analyzing a large number of meat samples and other dietary nutrients, different groups of authors have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that M. avium is present in the everyday environment. Therefore, food as a source of infection with mycobacteria should not be ignored. The control of mycobacteria requires a better diagnostic approach, having in mind recent positive cases of M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) in an increasing number of exported pigs from EU countries to Serbia. The introduction of reliable diagnostic methods for MAH could result in decreasing the occurrence of infection in pigs, as well as in humans, having in mind that WHO reported 10 million new cases of tuberculosis-mycobacteriosis in the human population in 2015 with 21% of these cases occurring in immunocompromised individuals and children.

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Isolation of Rhodococcus equi from Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular Detection of vapA and vapB Genes in Rhodococcus equi Isolated from Human and Horses by Multiplex PCR in Baghdad

Molecular Detection of vapA and vapB Genes in Rhodococcus equi Isolated from Human and Horses by Multiplex PCR in Baghdad

Bronchopneumonia in wild boar (Sus scrofa) caused by Rhodococcus equi carrying the VapB type 8 plasmid

Mycobacteriosis in Pigs – An Underrated Threat

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