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| This study was conducted for the preparation and extraction of specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa transfer factor (TFt) from rats immunized with this pathogen and to evaluate its efficacy to protect the recipient mice against challenge with virulent P. aeruginosa. Two groups of rats (each one of six rats) were used, the first group was immunized subcutaneously (S.C) twice in two -week intervals with the whole sonicated antigen, the second group (control) was inoculated S.C with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The immunized and control rats were monitored daily for the appearances of any clinical signs along one week post each immunization, and checked for the delayed hypersensitivity (DTH). Only the immunized rats revealed positive skin test reaction. The TFt were extracted from the spleen cells of the immunized rats, tested for sterility and safety. To evaluate the efficiency of the prepared TFt, three groups of mice (each of ten) were used. The first group was injected intraperiloneally (I/P) with 0.5 mL of TFt equivalent to 5x10 8 cells/mL, the second group (positive control) was immunized S.C with 0.5 mL of sonicated P. aeruginosa, while the third group injected S.C with 0.5 mL PBS (negative control). Later on, all the mice were tested by DTH -skin test. The immunized and TFt recipient mice showed a positive skin reaction, while the control group did not reveal any skin reaction. One week later, all the mice were challenged by I.P inoculation of 0.5 mL containing 5x10 7 CFU of P. aeruginosa, the survival rates were 90%, 80% and 10% in vaccinated, TFt recipient and control mice respectively. The results of the current study demonstrated the ability of the TFt to transport the specific DTH-skin reaction to the recipient non sensitized mice in addition, to its efficacy as immunotherapy to protect them against experimental challenge with P. aeruginosa.

This study was designed to prepare and evaluate the specific Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) transfer factor (TF) from spleen cells of two lambs vaccinated subcutaneously S/C with BCG vaccine twice 2 weeks' intervals, similarly one lamb injected with normal saline used as a donor of non-specific TF. The lambs were clinically examined at zero time and along 3 days post each immunization, then, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was checked post 4 weeks. TF was obtained from spleen cells of the lambs, inspected for sterility; safety.TF was evaluated in 4 groups (five in each) of lambs 3-4 months old. The first group (recipient) was injected S/C with 2 ml of specific BCG-TF, similarly the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were injected with nonspecific TF, BCG and normal saline respectively. The clinical signs and DTH test were checked as described above, only the specific TF recipient and BCG vaccinated lambs gave a positive DTH test. The serum concentration of inerlukin-17 (IL-17), interferongamma (IFN-γ) and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) cytokines were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which revealed a highly significant increase in the TF recipient lambs in comparison with the control and vaccinated groups. It concluded that the prepared specific M. bovis-BCG transfer factor was effective to induce cell mediated immunity via DTH and increasing the serum concentration of cytokines in recipient lambs.

This study aimed to induce lead poisoning experimentally in male goats to determine the toxic dose and investigate it is effects on hematological parameters, and the functions of the liver and kidney. The experiment was performed on 15 male goats, aged between 3 – 5 months with a mean weighing 13±0.65 kg. Goats were divided into five equal groups, the first represented the control group given tap water, while the other groups were given orally (by stomach tube) 70,100,200 and 400 mg/kg B.W. of lead acetate respectively, for 5 days. Blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks to estimate the concentrations of lead, hematological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated a significantly (P≤0.05) increase of lead(0.738±0.07ppm), only in goats which received 400 mg Pb/kg B.W of lead with symptoms included: depression, dullness, anemia, muscle twitching, staggering, and teeth grinding, with a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin 10.391±0.41*106/ml, 25.5±0.55%, and 8.30±0.19g/dl respectively, compared with the control ones. Also, increase in total white blood cell count to 9.098±0.08*103/ml, neutrophils 39.07±0.93%, monocytes 1.88±0.07%, and eosinophils 4.82±0.05%. The same group results showed significant elevations in the activities of liver enzymes; ALT 59.9±0.20u/l, AST 243±1.3u/l, in addition, the serum levels of creatinine and urea were also increased indicating renal frailer 1.96±0.05 mg/dl and 29.78±0.34 mg/dl respectively. In summary, this is the first study that proved the toxic dose of lead poisoning for male goats in Iraq and estimate their hazardous results on the hematological and chemobiological analyses on goats.