Isolation of an avirulent mutant of Sendai virus with two amino acid mutations from a highly virulent field strain through adaptation to LLC-MK2 cells.

Itoh, Masae; Isegawa, Yuji; Hotta, Hak; Homma, M.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3207

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…There is much evidence from animal virus studies that evolutionary rates increase when viruses change host (Cao et al, 1995;Graff et al, 1994;Itoh et al, 1997;Sawyer et al, 1994), and the phylogenetic consequences of this have been well studied in influenza hemagglutinin proteins that have adapted to grow in embryonated hen's eggs (Bush, 2004;Bush et al, 1999Bush et al, , 2000. Methods for specifically detecting punctuations, otherwise called heterotachy, have been developed (Lopez et al, 2002;Pagel & Meade, 2008) but there are as yet few reports of their application to viral sequences (Dorman, 2007).…”

Section: Long-term Rates -Macroevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time - the emerging dimension of plant virus studies

Gibbs¹,

Fargette

García‐Arenal

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

103

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Recent research has revealed that some plant viruses, like many animal viruses, have measurably evolving populations. Most of these viruses have single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes, but a few have single-stranded DNA genomes. The studies show that extant populations of these viral species are only decades to centuries old. The genera in which they are placed have diverged since agriculture was invented and spread around the world during the Holocene period. We suggest that this is not mere coincidence but evidence that the conditions generated by agriculture during this era have favoured particular viruses. There is also evidence, albeit less certain, that some plant viruses, including a few shown to have measurably evolving populations, have much more ancient origins. We discuss the possible reasons for this clear discordance between short-and long-term evolutionary rate estimates and how it might result from a large timescale dependence of the evolutionary rates. We also discuss briefly why it is useful to know the rates of evolution of plant viruses.

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Section: Long-term Rates -Macroevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time - the emerging dimension of plant virus studies

Gibbs¹,

Fargette

García‐Arenal

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

103

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“…Host-mediated (HM) mutations have been particularly well studied in the influenza A virus (1). However, this phenomenon has been documented in many other viruses, such as HIV, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis A, and Sendai virus as well (2)(3)(4)(5). Molecular evolution studies using such sequences thus risk drawing inferences about the adaptation of the pathogen to its natural host from data containing laboratory artifacts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of passage history and sampling bias on phylogenetic reconstruction of human influenza A evolution

Bush

Smith²,

Cox³

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In this paper we determine the extent to which host-mediated mutations and a known sampling bias affect evolutionary studies of human influenza A. Previous phylogenetic reconstruction of influenza A (H3N2) evolution using the hemagglutinin gene revealed an excess of nonsilent substitutions assigned to the terminal branches of the tree. We investigate two hypotheses to explain this observation. The first hypothesis is that the excess reflects mutations that were either not present or were at low frequency in the viral sample isolated from its human host, and that these mutations increased in frequency during passage of the virus in embryonated eggs. A set of 22 codons known to undergo such ''host-mediated'' mutations showed a significant excess of mutations assigned to branches attaching sequences from egg-cultured (as opposed to cell-cultured) isolates to the tree. Our second hypothesis is that the remaining excess results from sampling bias. Influenza surveillance is purposefully biased toward sequencing antigenically dissimilar strains in an effort to identify new variants that may signal the need to update the vaccine. This bias produces an excess of mutations assigned to terminal branches simply because an isolate with no close relatives is by definition attached to the tree by a relatively long branch. Simulations show that the magnitude of excess mutations we observed in the hemagglutinin tree is consistent with expectations based on our sampling protocol. Sampling bias does not affect inferences about evolution drawn from phylogenetic analyses. However, if possible, the excess caused by host-mediated mutations should be removed from studies of the evolution of influenza viruses as they replicate in their human hosts.

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“…Although the mechanism of attenuation of adaptation have not been determined, some previous study are proposed to assume such condition [9,10,13,14,16,17,19,28]. We tried western-immunoblot analyses, but our apically and basally released MDCK-adapted virus had patterns similar to their parental virus (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenicities for mice were clinically likely to follow the general rule of adaptation [14], which predicts attenuation of the virulence against the natural host animal. The mice infected with apically and basally released MDCK-adapted viruses showed only slight body weight decrease compared with those of mice infected with their parental virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Sendai Viruses Adapted into Polarized MDCK Cells.

Agungpriyono

Yamaguchi

Tohya

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Apically and basally released Sendai viruses (SeV) were obtained after infection of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on permeable membrane culture inserts. After 20 passages of adaptation in MDCK cells, we compared their in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity with the parental Mol-strain of SeV. These viruses had comparable in vitro pathogenicity, but the in vivo pathogenicities were varied. The apically released MDCK-adapted virus showed comparable pathogenicity with the parental virus, in contrast with the basally released MDCK-adapted virus, which showed in vivo attenuation.-KEY WORDS: bronchopneumonia, MDCK cell, mouse, polarized epithelial cell, Sendai virus.

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Isolation of an avirulent mutant of Sendai virus with two amino acid mutations from a highly virulent field strain through adaptation to LLC-MK2 cells.

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

Time - the emerging dimension of plant virus studies

Time - the emerging dimension of plant virus studies

Effects of passage history and sampling bias on phylogenetic reconstruction of human influenza A evolution

Pathogenicity of Sendai Viruses Adapted into Polarized MDCK Cells.

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