Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Vancomycin-resistant and mecC+ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Clinical Samples of Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran

Moghaddam, Parastoo Zarghami; Azimian, Amir; Sepahy, Abbas Akhavan; Iranbakhsh, Alıreza

doi:10.5812/jjm.118949

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Data obtained from Saudi Arabia showed that ST239 is the most common in Riyadh and Dammam, located in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia [49], while in the western region this clone is not common [50], which is consistent with our findings. All clones identified here have been identified sporadically in the western region by Al-Zahrani et al [51].…”

Section: Antibiotics Testedsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance (blaZ, mecA, and mecC) were identified in the studied isolates: the mecA gene was detected in three MRSA isolates (S14, S21, and S23), mecC was identified in S8 and S9 isolates, and blaZ was commonly identified in all isolates except S23 (Table 5). Interestingly, we identified the presence of mecC-MRSA for the first time in our region; mecC is a new divergent from mecA usually associated with animal transmission, and these patients are usually from rural areas [51]. Eight antimicrobial-resistance-associated genes were identified in all of the isolates: the quinolone resistance genes (norA and norC) and their regulators (MgrA for norC and arlS for norA), the major facilitator superfamily MDR efflux pump in S. aureus (LmrS), the multidrug efflux pump (sdrM), the mepA gene which acts as a repressor for multidrug export protein, and the SepA gene that confers resistance to disinfecting agents and dyes [52].…”

Section: Prediction Of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanism In the Stud...mentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Human Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Genome-Scale Annotation Approaches

et al. 2023

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Staphylococcus species are major pathogens with increasing importance due to the rise in antibiotic resistance. Whole genome sequencing and genome-scale annotation are promising approaches to study the pathogenicity and dissemination of virulence factors in nosocomial methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria in intensive care units. Draft genome sequences of eight clinical S. aureus strains were assembled and annotated for the prediction of antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the studied S. aureus strains displayed multi-resistance toward the tested drugs, reaching more than seven drugs up to 12 in isolate S22. The mecA gene was detected in three isolates (S14, S21, and S23), mecC was identified in S8 and S9, and blaZ was commonly identified in all isolates except strain S23. Additionally, two complete mobile genomic islands coding for methicillin resistance SCCmec Iva (2B) were identified in strains S21 and S23. Numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (norA, norC, MgrA, tet(45), APH(3′)-IIIa, and AAC(6′)-APH(2″)) were identified in chromosomes of different strains. Plasmid analysis revealed the presence of blaZ, tetK, and ermC in different plasmid types, located in gene cassettes containing plasmid replicons (rep) and insertion sequences (IS). Additionally, the aminoglycoside-resistant determinants were identified in S1 (APH(3′)-IIIa), while AAC(6)-APH(2″) was detected in strains S8 and S14. The trimethoprim (dfrC) resistance gene was detected in S. aureus S21, and the fosfomycin (fosB) resistance gene was detected only in S. aureus S14. We also noted that S. aureus S1 belongs to ST1-t127, which has been reported as one of the most frequent human pathogen types. Additionally, we noted the presence of rare plasmid-mediated mecC-MRSA in some of our isolates.

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Section: Antibiotics Testedsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Prediction Of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanism In the Stud...mentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Human Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Genome-Scale Annotation Approaches

et al. 2023

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“…Bacterial co-infections cause higher rates of morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients (8). Gram-positive bacteria, especially members of Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae, are among the main causative agents of these co-infections (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of mecA, vanA, cfr, and qacA/B genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers listed in Table 1, as described previously (8,9).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection Of Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Positive Cocci in the Nostrils of Health Care Workers in the Post–COVID-19 Era Compared to Pre–COVID-19 Era in North Khorasan, Iran

Besharati

Ajoudanifar

Ghasemzadeh‐Moghaddam

et al. 2023

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: In the COVID-19 era, co-infections can lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Normal flora bacteria can transfer to the pulmonary tract and create bacterial co-infections. The nasal cavity is one of the main areas housing normal flora in the human body. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-positive cocci in the pre– and post–COVID-19 eras among health care workers. Methods: We assessed 376 nasal swabs from the pre–COVID-19 era and 376 from the post–COVID-19 era. Conventional and molecular methods were used to identify bacterial types and evaluate antimicrobial resistance. Results: The most common gram-positive cocci in the pre–COVID-19 samples were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. In the post–COVID-19 samples, the most common gram-positive cocci were S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. warneri, S. hominis, and E. faecalis. We observed higher resistance rates in post–COVID-19 samples, as well as resistance to linezolid and vancomycin in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. hominis. Additionally, our isolates showed a high resistance rate to antiseptics. Conclusions: It seems that after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the change in the protective procedures in hospitals, the prevalence and variety of bacteria have decreased, but instead, they have been replaced by more pathogenic bacteria with higher antibiotic resistance.

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Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Vancomycin-resistant and mecC+ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Clinical Samples of Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Human Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Genome-Scale Annotation Approaches

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Human Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Genome-Scale Annotation Approaches

Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Positive Cocci in the Nostrils of Health Care Workers in the Post–COVID-19 Era Compared to Pre–COVID-19 Era in North Khorasan, Iran

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