BackgroundClinical experience associated with the fear and anxiety of nursing students in the psychiatric unit. Mental health nursing instructors find it challenging to teach nursing students to deal with patients with mental disorders in an environment where they need to provide patient teaching and clinical decision-making based on evidence and new technology.ObjectiveTo measure the effectiveness of clinical teaching of mental health courses in nursing using clinical supervision and Kirkpatrick’s model evaluation in the psychiatry unit of Imam Reza Hospital, Bojnurd, Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out from 2011 to 2016 on 76 nursing students from a university as part of a clinical mental health course in two semesters. The students were selected by a non-probable convenient sampling method. After completing their clinical education, each student responded to checklist questions based on the four-level Kirkpatrick’s model evaluation and open questions relating to clinical supervision. Finally, all data was analyzed using the SPSS version 16.ResultsThe students have evaluated clinical supervision as a useful approach, and appreciated the instructor’s supportive behavior during teaching and imparting clinical skills. This has made them feel relaxed at the end of the clinical teaching course. In addition, in the evaluation through Kirkpatrick’s model, more than 70% of the students have been satisfied with the method of conducting the teaching and average score of nursing students’ attitude toward mental health students: Their mean self-confidence score was 18.33±1.69, and the mean score of their performance in the study was evaluated to be 93.74±5.3 from 100 points.ConclusionThe results of clinical mental health teaching through clinical supervision and Kirkpatrick’s model evaluation show that the satisfaction, self-esteem, attitude, and skill of nursing students are excellent, thereby portraying the effectiveness of clinical teaching. But this program still needs to be reformed. To establish long-term goals and obtain knowledge and clinical skills of nursing, it is recommended to develop a curriculum and evaluate it appropriately.

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacteria in nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections which caused by this bacterium in recent years, considerably, have been increased. This study was conducted in aim of prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic resistance patterns in health care workers, in Imam Reza hospital in Bojnurd. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 200 health care workers for 4 months. Nasal swabs were collected. After detection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, the susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. Methicillin disk diffusion method was applied for detection of methicillin-resistant strains. Results: From 200 patients, 22 (11%) were nasal carrier of Staphylococcus aureus, and 3 of these (13.6%) were resistant to methicillin. In this study, the results indicated that from three nasal methicillin-resistant strains, two were resistant to vancomycin. Conclusions: Presence of nasal carriers, indicated presence of methicillin resistant S. aureus in hospital personnel of Imam Reza in Bojnurd. Although the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was not very high, otherwise, with no attention, presence of MRSA, indicated wide distribution. We advice control measures for prevent MRSA transmission in high risk persons.

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for an increasing number of serious hospital-and community-acquired infections in adults and children. Sepsis caused by S. aureus is one of the major health problems associated with treatment failure in adults; however, its clinical outcomes, the rate of treatment failure, and its molecular epidemiology are poorly understood. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) harboring MRSA strains isolated from children's blood culture in Bojnurd. Methods: Totally, 58 S. aureus strains were isolated from blood cultures in the major teaching hospital in Bojnurd. After the primary verification of Methicillin resistance by agar screening method, the isolated MRSA strains were confirmed with the detection of the mecA gene. MecA-positive strains evaluated for SCCmec, agr, and toxin profiles. Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive isolates were subjected to be evaluated for spa and sequence type (ST). Results: Our data indicated 53.4% (31) of isolates were MRSA. Twelve (38.7%) of these isolates had PVL gene that 25% (3) of them had tsst-1 gene and 58.3% (7) had etb gene. One (3.2%), 64.5% (20), and 32.2% (10) of these isolates belonged to SCCmec I, III, and IV, respectively. Predominant ST and spa types among PVL positive isolates were ST6 and t304, respectively. Conclusions: We had an uncommon finding because PVL was routinely found in community-acquired MRSA, but in this study we found PVL harboring hospital-associated MRSAs. A notable point about these isolates is that most of them belonged to Asian endemic clones.

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