Different wound dressings with antibacterial property have been surveyed and one among them is bacterial cellulose (BC). Since the BC does not have antibacterial property, the biologically produced silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were impregnated into the BC. For the BC production, Hestrin-Schramm broth was used. Formation of the BC was proven by enzymatic hydrolysis. For SNPs production, the bacterial supernatant was treated with AgNO3 and formation of SNPs was monitored through spectrophotometer, TEM and XRD. For impregnation of SNPs into the BC, the cleaned membrane was placed in the bacterial supernatant that contained 1 mmol of AgNO3. The antibacterial assay was done for the BC/SNPs. Enzymatic hydrolysis proved the presence of the BC. Spectrophotometer and XRD results showed the formation of SNPs. TEM analysis revealed the presence of SNPs with sizes around 5-100 nm. SEM micrographs showed the impregnation of SNPs into the BC. Antibacterial test exhibited the antibacterial activity of the BC/SNPs.
Abstract. Although several microorganisms are known to produce proteases, Bacillus strains are often preferred as major sources for commercial alkaline proteases due to their exceptional ability to secrete large amounts of highly active enzymes. The present study aimed at isolation and molecular identification of alkaline protease producing Bacillus spp. from soil samples of Damghan County in Iran. This research was conducted in the laboratory complexes in the school of pharmacy of Islamic Azad University Damghan Branch. Soil samples were collected from 3 different regions. Streaking plate was done and 9 colonies were selected on the basis of appearance. To identify isolates, biochemical tests were performed. 16SrRNA gene duplicated with PCR and sent to Sinagene Company for sequencing. All isolates were oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The ONPG tests were negative. 16SrRNA analysis showed that the isolated bacteria belonged to genus Bacillus. The results confirmed that four bacterial isolates had alkaline protease production capacity. It appears that after complementary examinations, the isolated Bacillus strains can be used for production of alkaline protease.
The aim of this study was to assess the volume of airborne fungi in the indoor and outdoor environment of poultry and cattle houses in the Mazandaran Province in Iran. Indoor and outdoor air of twenty cattle houses and twenty-fi ve poultry houses were sampled using a single-stage impactor, which draws air at 20 L min -1 and impacts sampled material onto Petri plates containing malt extract agar. The plates were incubated at 30 °C for seven days, after which the resulting colonies were counted. The fungi were identifi ed and counted microscopically and macroscopically. A total of 4,662 fungal colonies were isolated from 90 plates collected from indoor and outdoor air of cattle and poultry houses. Cladosporium indoors. These levels might present an occupational risk, but threshold levels for these environments have yet to be established worldwide.
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