Isolation and evaluation of <i>Candida</i> species and their association with CD4⁺ T cells counts in HIV patients with diarrhoea

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal infection is one of the most common infections among HIV patients. Candida spp have been implicated in the aetiology of chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients, but little is known about this in Nigeria. Objectives: We determined the prevalence of faecal candidiasis in HIV patients in relation to diarrhoea, CD4 counts, and other socio-demographic factors and the spectrum of Candida isolates involved. Methods: One hundred and fifty four HIV patients were investigated. Candida species were identified by standard techniques. Socio-demographic and clinical information was obtained from the patients using a structured questionnaire. The CD4 count was estimated using a single platform flow cytometer.

Mycobiome in the Gut: A Multiperspective Review

“…Similarly, Awoyeni et al reported an association between candidiasis and HIV patients with diarrhea. The most common species identified in this study were C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis [115]. Meanwhile, Gouba and Drancourt also reported a reduction in fungal diversity in HIV-positive patients accompanied with higher prevalence of Candida species [116].…”

“…Additionally, whether a disruption in bacteria microbiota causes a skewed commensal mycobiota profile in IBS remains a question. Mediators of Inflammation Crohn's disease (CD) (i) Fungal dysbiosis is closely related to CD in most of the conducted studies [9,47,84,[101][102][103] (ii) Interkingdom interaction between fungal and bacteria was observed [9,47] Inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) -(i) Fungal dybiosis, predominant by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans in IBS patients [51] Cancers Colorectal cancer (i) Fungal dysbiosis is observed in most of the reported studies [109][110][111][112] Infectious diseases Hepatitis B (i) High levels of Aspergillus, Candida, Galactomyces, Saccharomyces, and Chaetomium were identified [11] (ii) Richness and diversity of fungal species is associated with chronic HBV infection HIV (i) C. parvum, C. difficile, and C. albicans are significantly present in HIV-seropositive patients [114] (ii) C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis were associated with diarrhea in HIV patients [115] (iii) Fungal dysbiosis and high prevalence of Candida species were observed in HIV patients [116] (iv) Prevalence of Candida in HIV patients without antiretroviral treatment was higher than HIV patients with active antiretroviral treatment [117] Noncommunicable diseases Obesity (i) Candida, Nakaseomyces, and Penicillium genera were commonly identified in obese subjects [119] (ii) Mucor racemosus and M. fuscus were identified in nonobese patients.…”

<p>Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study</p>

“…24 In the other hand, Awoyeni et al (2017); reported that female was statistically significantly higher (p=0.042; OR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.14-0.91). 25 Xerostomia is a subjective complaint of dry mouth, which may be caused by decreased saliva production. As we know, one of the salivary functions is to maintain the bacterial activity.…”

Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients and HIVfree subjects in the Southeast of Iran

“…Similar to our results, Lar et al (16) and Awoyeni et al . (15) reported a higher rate of OPC in women than in men. However, unlike our findings, in another study, HIV patients with the age group of 61-70 years had the highest prevalence of OPC.…”

“…The OPC has been reported to be prevalent among the HIV/AIDS patients in the age group of 29-39 years (15). Similar to our results, Lar et al (16) and Awoyeni et al .…”