Isolation and Characterization of a New Immunomodulatory Protein, Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), from Ganoderma lucidium

Kino, Kuniki; Yamashita, Akio; Yamaoka, Kazuko; Watanabe, Junko; Tanaka, Shun‐ichi; Ko, Kisung; Shimizu, K; Tsunoo, Hajime

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31282-6

Cited by 199 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It has been well documented that G. lucidum has various health benefits in animals and humans, such as hepatoprotective effects, anticancer activity, and cardiovascular protec-tive effects (43)(44)(45). Polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polysaccharide-protein, and polysaccharide-peptide have been shown to be the anticancer components of G. lucidum (19,(46)(47)(48). Many researchers have shown that water-soluble polysaccharides or their derivatives could inhibit tumor growth by modulating the immune system (7,49,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another experiment involving duodenal infusion of samples into pigs, milk enzymatic hydrolysate showed better amino acid absorption than free amino acids (17). An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), has been isolated and successfully synthesized in the mycelia of G. lucidum, with a molecular mass range from 13100 to 17500 Da, depending on the testing system employed (18,19). The major bioactivity of LZ-8 lies in its immunomodulatory capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Fermented Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Sun

Xie

2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

208

122

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Oxidative stress has been linked with the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer, aging, and atherosclerosis. The present study investigates the antioxidant activities of peptides isolated from the medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum has been shown to possess potent antioxidant activity with little or no side effects. Polysaccharide, polysaccharide-peptide complex, and phenolic components of G. lucidum have been proposed to be responsible for this antioxidant effect. However, research has shown that the G. lucidum peptide (GLP) is the major antioxidant component of G. lucidum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of this peptide using different oxidation systems. GLP showed potent antioxidant activities in both lightproof soybean oil and lard systems, assessed by lipid peroxidant value. Compared to butylated hydroxytoluene, GLP showed a higher antioxidant activity in the soybean oil system. Soybean lipoxygenase activity was blocked by GLP in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 27.1 microg/mL. GLP showed scavenging activity toward hydroxyl radicals produced in a deoxyribose system with an IC50 value of 25 microg/mL, and GLP effectively quenched superoxide radical anion produced by pyrogallol autoxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde level has been used as the oxidation index in many biological systems. GLP showed substantial antioxidant activity in the rat liver tissue homogenates and mitochondrial membrane peroxidation systems. The auto-hemolysis of rat red blood cells was also blocked by GLP in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that GLP is the major constituent responsible for the antioxidant activity of G. lucidum. GLP could play an important role in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in biological systems through its antioxidant, metal chelating, and free radical scavenging activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Fermented Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Sun

Xie

2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

208

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Mushrooms produce a large number of biologically active proteins including lectins, ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs), and laccases [66]. Fungal immunomodulatory protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) is one of the most important bioactive substances of G. lucidum [67]. Lin et al [68] studied the proteomic profile of LLC1 lung cancer cells after treatment with LZ-8 from G. lucidum.…”

Section: Ganoderma Lucidum Immunomodulatory Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Research on the Antitumor Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms

Jakopović¹,

Oršolić

Jakopovich³

2021

Molecules

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Medicinal mushrooms are increasingly being recognized as an important therapeutic modality in complementary oncology. Until now, more than 800 mushroom species have been known to possess significant pharmacological properties, of which antitumor and immunomodulatory properties have been the most researched. Besides a number of medicinal mushroom preparations being used as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, several isolates from mushrooms have been used as official antitumor drugs in clinical settings for several decades. Various proteomic approaches allow for the identification of a large number of differentially regulated proteins serendipitously, thereby providing an important platform for a discovery of new potential therapeutic targets and approaches as well as biomarkers of malignant disease. This review is focused on the current state of proteomic research into antitumor mechanisms of some of the most researched medicinal mushroom species, including Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Agrocybe aegerita, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinus edodes, as whole body extracts or various isolates, as well as of complex extract mixtures.

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“…Among these immunomodulatory proteins, FIP accounts for the highest proportion and has been most extensively investigated. The first reported FIP, named Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8 or FIP-glu), was revealed to hemagglutinate sheep red blood cells and reduce systemic anaphylaxis reactions in mice in 1989 [4]. Until now, twenty-two FIPs sharing high amino acid sequence and protein structure similarity have been identified [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cordyceps militaris Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway

Fan

Zou

Han

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Enhancing the phagocytosis of immune cells with medicines provides benefits to the physiological balance by removing foreign pathogens and apoptotic cells. The fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) possessing various immunopotentiation functions may be a good candidate for such drugs. However, the effect and mechanism of FIP on the phagocytic activity is limitedly investigated. Therefore, the present study determined effects of Cordyceps militaris immunomodulatory protein (CMIMP), a novel FIP reported to induce cytokines secretion, on the phagocytosis using three different types of models, including microsphere, Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans. CMIMP not only significantly improved the phagocytic ability (p < 0.05), but also enhanced the bactericidal activity (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the cell size, especially the cytoplasm size, was markedly increased by CMIMP (p < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in the F-actin expression (p < 0.001). Further experiments displayed that CMIMP-induced phagocytosis, cell size and F-actin expression were alleviated by the specific inhibitor of TLR4 (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the treatment with the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it could be speculated that CMIMP promoted the phagocytic ability of macrophages through increasing F-actin expression and cell size in a TLR4-NF-κB pathway dependent way.

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Isolation and Characterization of a New Immunomodulatory Protein, Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), from Ganoderma lucidium

Cited by 199 publications

References 28 publications

Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Fermented Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Fermented Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Proteomic Research on the Antitumor Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms

Cordyceps militaris Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway

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