“…Although Phialemoniopsis species grow as pale colonies, melanin has been detected in their hyphae, and therefore, infections due to these dematiaceous molds are considered to be phaeohyphomycosis (6). Phialemoniopsis species have been reported to cause endocarditis and endovascular infections (9,17,20,22), endophthalmitis and keratitis (2,15,16,18,19), fungemia (7,12,24), meningitis (21), septic arthritis and spondylodiscitis (10,23), and skin and soft tissue infections (1,6,8,25) in humans, with some cases being fatal infections. In addition, they have been isolated from various clinical specimens, including those from cerebrospinal fluid, corneal and vitreous fluid, peritoneal dialysis catheter, sinus, skin lesions and nails, and synovial fluid, although the clinical details of the patients were not presented (1,2,13).…”