Is udder ultrasonography a diagnostic tool for subclinical mastitis in sheep?

Hussein, Hussein Awad; El-Khabaz, Khaled A. S.; Malek, Safaa S.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.05.010

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…During lactation, cut-off values above 400,000 and below 500,000 mL -1 cells for the Santa Inês and Texel breeds had susceptibilities below 80%. Hussein et al (2015) reported that a value of SCC ≥ 400,000 mL -1 cells in Ossimi sheep in Egypt presented 90% susceptibility and 88% specificity, and, therefore, had a higher probability of detecting animals with subclinical mastitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, all samples of milk that presented SCC greater than 1,000,000 mL -1 cells were considered positive for the calculations of subclinical mastitis, even when negative for microorganisms. This value was chosen based on previous literature (BERTHELOT et al, 2006;CLEMENTS et al, 2003;HUSSEIN et al, 2015). The absence of microorganisms in milk samples with high SCC may have several causes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

Zafalon¹,

Santana²,

Esteves³

et al. 2018

SCA

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The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds and the values for somatic cell count (SCC) in milk for the diagnosis of the disease at lactation and weaning, a fundamental prerequisite for identifying animals in need of control measures. Milk samples were obtained from 1,457 mammary halves of Santa Inês, Texel, Ile de France, and Dorper sheep at two different periods, during the second week of lactation and at weaning. After teats antisepsis, the samples were collected, and identification of the infectious etiology of mastitis and determination of SCC were performed. Microorganisms were identified in 117/762 (15.3%) mammary halves in the second week of lactation and in 86/694 (12.4%) at weaning. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the etiological agents with the highest incidence alone and in association with other microorganisms, with percentages of 58.1% and 60.6%, respectively. The Santa Inês presented a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis when compared to the other breeds. The cut-off values of SCC for subclinical mastitis were determined at both sampling periods and varied according to stage of lactation, as well breed. These results illustrate the lack of a universal value that can be used for the diagnosis of mastitis and suggests the need for permanent follow-up in herds in order to control the disease. Key words: Diagnostic tests. Milk. Sheep. ResumoOs objetivos do trabalho foram estabelecer a ocorrência da mastite subclínica em ovelhas de diferentes raças e os respectivos valores de triagem da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) no leite para o diagnóstico da doença durante a lactação e ao desmame, um pré-requisito fundamental para a identificação dos animais para o estabelecimento de medidas de controle. As amostras de leite foram obtidas de 1.457 metades mamárias de ovelhas das raças Santa Inês, Texel, Ile de France e Dorper, em dois diferentes períodos, durante a segunda semana de lactação e ao desmame. Após a antissepsia dos tetos, as amostras de leite foram colhidas para identificação da etiologia infecciosa dos casos de mastite e determinação da CCS. Dentre as metades mamárias investigadas, 117/763 (15,3%) apresentaram micro-organismos no leite na segunda semana de lactação e 86/694 (12,4%) apresentaram resultados microbiológicos positivos ao desmame. Estafilococos coagulase-negativos (ECN) foram os agentes etiológicos com maior ocorrência isoladamente e em associação com outros micro-organismos, 58,1% e 60,6%, respectivamente. A raça Santa Inês apresentou maior ocorrência de mastite subclínica, quando comparada às outras raças. Diferentes pontos de corte para CCS foram determinados em ambos os períodos. Os valores das contagens celulares para a triagem da mastite subclínica nas ovelhas variaram de acordo com a fase da lactação em que as amostras foram obtidas, assim como com as raças dos animais, o que denota não existir um valor universal que possa ser usado para o diagnóstico da mastite, sugerindo a necessidade...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

Zafalon¹,

Santana²,

Esteves³

et al. 2018

SCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The easy transfer of the ultrasound machine to the farm, the fast real-time imaging, and its application without the need for anesthetizing the animal [ 41 ] are reasons for its wide use ( Table 1 ). Ultrasonography has been proposed as a diagnostic technique for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep [ 116 ] and as a tool indicating the proper time to start treatment [ 117 ] and also monitoring the progress of mastitis in cows [ 118 ]. After the ultrasonographic examination, microbiological examination and California mastitis test (CMT) of milk samples are employed to confirm the disease [ 119 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Imaging Techniques in the Study and Disease Diagnosis of the Mammary Glands of Animals

Barbagianni

Gouletsou

2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The study of the structure and function of the animals’ mammary glands is of key importance, as it reveals pathological processes at their onset, thus contributing to their immediate treatment. The most frequently studied mammary diseases are mastitis in cows and ewes and mammary tumours in dogs and cats. Various imaging techniques such as computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonographic techniques (Doppler, contrast-enchanced, three-dimensional and elastography) are available and can be applied in research or clinical practice in order to evaluate possible abnormalities in mammary glands, as well as to assist in the differential diagnosis. In this review, the above imaging technologies are described, and the perspectives of each method are highlighted. It is inferred that ultrasonographic modalities are the most frequently used imaging techniques for the diagnosis of clinical or subclinical mastitis and treatment guidance on a farm. In companion animals, a combination of imaging techniques should be applied for a more accurate diagnosis of mammary tumours. In any case, the confirmation of the diagnosis is provided by laboratory techniques.

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“…[121]. According to several researchers, a healthy goat mammary parenchyma is imaged (B-mode ultrasonographic) as a homogeneous, hyperechoic structure, with anechoic zones, corresponding to parts of blood vessels or lactiferous ducts; the teat canal is seen as a dense white hyperechoic line, surrounded on both sides by parallel dense hypoechoic zones; and the sinus lactiferous is imaged as an anechoic to the hypoechoic structure at the lower part of the gland [122][123][124]. In the presence of clinical IMI, previous studies revealed qualitative changes in parenchymal homogeneity and echogenicity, with low mean pixel values for healthy glands and higher echogenicity for infected ones [16,121,[125][126][127].…”

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious and Non-infectious Factors Affecting Somatic Cell Count and New Diagnostic Approaches of Intramammary Infections in Dairy Goats: A Review

Margatho

Quintas

Rodríguez-Estévez

et al. 2021

CCS

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Background: Intramammary infections constitute a major animal health and economic problem in commercial dairy goat farms, being responsible for decreases in milk yield, for alter milk composition, and lower milk quality. Objectives: This paper reviews the published literature during last three decades, highlighting the multiplicity of non-infectious and infectious factors that influence somatic cells count (SCC). Besides that, it intends to contributes to understand the conventional diagnostic methods and its limitations, and supports the implementation of new technologies for an efficient mastitis control, including the use of infrared thermography and ultrasonography. Methods: A search on Medline, ScienceDirect and University Institutional Repositories databases was performed using “goats AND mastitis OR intramammary infections OR somatic cells count” for publications from 1990 to present (2020). Results: A total of 144 publications were selected. The SCC is the most important criteria to evaluate the inflammatory status of the mammary glands in goats, but several non-infectious factors (e.g., phenotypic, reproductive, lactational factors) should be taken in consideration for it interpretation. Bacteria and fungi as well lentivirus are commonly responsive for intramammary infections. Intermittent secretion or environmental contamination of milk pathogens, costs and time delay pose challenges using conventional diagnosis methods. Ultrasonographic and thermographic techniques applied to the udder seems to be diagnostic value in acute and chronic mastitis. Conclusions: Unlike other ruminants species, non-infectious factors have a major impact on SCC which should be taken in account for mastitis diagnosis, and according to milk pathogens detection. Further research in imagological techniques is need to accurately contributes to implant new mastitis control strategies.

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Is udder ultrasonography a diagnostic tool for subclinical mastitis in sheep?

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

Modern Imaging Techniques in the Study and Disease Diagnosis of the Mammary Glands of Animals

Infectious and Non-infectious Factors Affecting Somatic Cell Count and New Diagnostic Approaches of Intramammary Infections in Dairy Goats: A Review

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