Is hormonal contraceptive risk for congenital malformation?

Abstract

Background: Little research is conducted in the safety of emergency contraceptives so the potential for developmental toxicity has not been evaluated.Methods: This hospital based descriptive study was conducted at tertiary care center, Krishna Hospital. Mothers who are diagnosed to have congenital birth defected fetus through antenatal examinations, delivered baby with diagnoses of congenital malformation, congenital malformed admitted neonates at Tertiary care hospital or came for reference services were assessed from September 2016 to August 2017.Results: The prevalence with number of birth, it is 1.4% and calculating with number of neonates admitted its prevalence rate is 5.3%. Overall in the hospital the prevalence noted is 0.2%. 283 mothers were diagnosed to have congenital malformation baby, among these, 264 (93.3%) mothers not had any history of birth control pills use and only 19 (6.7%) mothers stated that they used the birth control pills. Those used birth control pills in those 4 babies (1.4%) born with nervous system defects, 3 babies (1.1%) had cleft lip and cleft palate, and 2 (0.7%) babies had digestive system, musculoskeletal system and chromosomal abnormalities. Association between congenital malformation and history of Use of birth control pills shows strong association.Conclusions: The problem of conclusively proving a small increase in the incidence of rare abnormalities is very formidable. This may be due in part to the fact that the anomalies associated with hormonal contraceptives may occur primarily in those children who are predisposed genetically.

Clinical and Descriptive Study of Orofacial Clefts in Colombia: 2069 Patients From Operation Smile Foundation

“…Occurrence of genetic malformations due to OCs depends on multiple factors such as specific agents, dosing, length of fetal exposure during pregnancy, and maternal and fetal genetic susceptibility ( Hiremath et al, 2019 ). Progestogen doses in OCs have been associated with increased risk of birth defects if maternal exposure occurs during the first trimester in contrast with estrogen doses, which may have lower risk or may not be associated at all with congenital malformations.…”