Is baseline aerobic fitness associated with illness and attrition rate in military training?

Dimitriou, Lygeri; Lockey, Joe; Castell, Linda M.

doi:10.1136/jramc-2015-000608

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Although it has been suggested that strenuous exercise may be immunosuppressive, minimal research exists regarding the relationship between fitness and illness risk in athletes. 7 It is conceivable that higher levels of fitness may be protective against the immunosuppressive effects of high in-season training loads, but the specific mechanism responsible for this relationship cannot be evaluated in the current study. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that increased aerobic fitness at the start of the season may reduce the risk of in-season illness in youth athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Among male army recruits, lower initial aerobic fitness was associated with a longer duration of symptoms from upper respiratory tract infections during basic training. 7 Although we are not aware of research directly evaluating the influence of preseason fitness on illness risk in adult athletes, increased incidence of illness has been associated with increased training loads in multiple sports. 9 , 15 , 19 , 33 Individuals with lower levels of fitness may be predisposed to higher fatigue with comparable workloads, 4 , 13 potentially increasing their susceptibility to infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Preseason Aerobic Fitness Predicts In-Season Injury and Illness in Female Youth Athletes

Watson

Brickson

Brooks

et al. 2017

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:Although preseason aerobic fitness has been suggested as a modifiable risk factor for injury in adult athletes, the relationship between aerobic fitness, injury, and illness in youth athletes is unknown.Purpose:To determine whether preseason aerobic fitness predicts in-season injury and illness risk in female adolescent soccer players.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Fifty-four female adolescent soccer players underwent preseason evaluation to determine years of experience, body mass index (BMI), maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), and time to exhaustion (Tmax) during cycle ergometer testing. All injuries and illnesses during the subsequent 20-week season were recorded. Variables were compared between individuals with and without a self-reported injury and individuals with and without a self-reported illness. Separate Poisson regression models were developed to predict number of injuries and illnesses for each individual by use of age, years of experience, BMI, VO2max, and Tmax. Results:Twenty-eight injuries and 38 illnesses in 23 individuals were recorded during the season. Although not a statistically significant finding, individuals who reported an in-season injury had lower VO2max than those who did not (54.9 ± 7.3 vs 58.3 ± 8.5 mL/kg/min, P = .13). Individuals who reported an illness had significantly lower VO2max than those who did not (54.5 ± 9.9 vs 58.8 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min, P = .014). With the Poisson regression models, VO2max was a significant predictor of both injury (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; P = .046) and illness (OR, 0.94; P = .009), while no significant relationships were identified between injury or illness and age, years of experience, Tmax, or BMI (all P > .05).Conclusion:Among adolescent female soccer players, greater preseason aerobic fitness is associated with a reduced risk of in-season injury and illness. Off-season intervention to promote aerobic fitness may help reduce the risk of lost time during the season due to injury and illness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preseason Aerobic Fitness Predicts In-Season Injury and Illness in Female Youth Athletes

Watson

Brickson

Brooks

et al. 2017

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…More than 50% fail to complete Marine recruit training, and nearly 1 of the 4 dropouts do so due to musculoskeletal injuries (7). Factors consistently affecting the risk of dropout include body composition, baseline fitness, injury history, smoking, and psychological resilience (8,11,19). At the Marines Training Center (MOC) of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps (RNLMC), a digital recruit monitoring survey (RMS) is used weekly to measure the status of well-being and recognize declines in an individual or group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Dynamically Updated Prediction Model for Attrition From Marine Recruit Training

Dijksma

Hof²,

Lucas³

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Dijksma, I, Hof, MHP, Lucas, C, and Stuiver, MM. Development and validation of a dynamically updated prediction model for attrition from Marine recruit training. J Strength Cond Res 36( 9): 2523-2529, 2022-Whether fresh Marine recruits thrive and complete military training programs, or fail to complete, is dependent on numerous interwoven variables. This study aimed to derive a prediction model for dynamically updated estimation of conditional dropout probabilities for Marine recruit training. We undertook a landmarking analysis in a Cox proportional hazard model using longitudinal data from 744 recruits from existing databases of the Marine Training Center in the Netherlands. The model provides personalized estimates of dropout from Marine recruit training given a recruit's baseline characteristics and time-varying mental and physical health status, using 21 predictors. We defined nonoverlapping landmarks at each week and developed a supermodel by stacking the landmark data sets. The final supermodel contained all but one a priori selected baseline variables and time-varying health status to predict the hazard of attrition from Marine recruit training for each landmark as comprehensive as possible. The discriminative ability (c-index) of the prediction model was 0.78, 0.75, and 0.73 in week one, week 4 and week 12, respectively. We used 10-fold cross-validation to train and evaluate the model. We conclude that this prediction model may help to identify recruits at an increased risk of attrition from training throughout the Marine recruit training and warrants further validation and updates for other military settings.

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“…Например, интерлейкина-6 (IL-6), интерлейкина-8 (IL-8) при физических нагрузках или стрессе [6,7]. Увеличение секреции IL-6 отмечено и у военнослужащих при работе на беговой дорожке или длительных лыжных маршах [8,9], 12-недельной подготовке новобранцев [10]. Уровень IL-8 снижался в реальных условиях гипоксии (условия умеренной высоты) [11].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evaluation of the cytokines response in the organism of cursors of the higher education institution at adaptation to the conditions of education

Rakhmanov

Богомолова

Tarasov

et al. 2020

Hygiene and Sanitation

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Introduction. Changes in a number of cytokines are shown not only during inflammation: during physical exertion or stress; moderate hypoxia Material and methods. We evaluated the rates of interleukins 6 and 8 and white blood among cadets of a military educational institution during adaptation, dividing into 2 stages: initial, 2 and 3 months of observation, as well as the pre-seasonal - rise-decrease in the incidence of respiratory diseases (4-6 months). By the response of white blood, the state of non-specific adaptive reactions of the body was assessed. Results. When IL-6 level was within normal limits, it increased 1.5 times after 2 months (not significantly), which was probably due to a stress response. During this period, adequate adaptive processes proceeded, confirmed by indices of the absolute content and percentage of lymphocytes characterizing non-specific adaptive responses of the body. The average IL-8 was within normal limits. However, in 9.1% of individuals, it initially exceeded or was at the level of the upper limit of normal; in the pre-season period it increased by 29.1% ((p = 0.042): an increase of 63.6%, of which 42.5% - to the level of the upper limit of the norm or above it. In 30.0%, the leukocytes were above the norm, which proved the infection of the team members. At the peak and with a decrease in the incidence of interleukin, IL-6 increased within normal limits, IL-8 decreased. IL-8 exceeded the norm in patients and individuals after clinical recovery. A group of persons was determined in whom it spent 4-6 months of observation within the upper limit of the norm or exceeded it. Among them were people who did not apply for illness. The second group of individuals with no signs of disease, but with high IL-8 values, was isolated in the pre-season period. Conclusion. An increase within the normal range of IL-6 is not enough to cause acute systemic inflammatory effects. Determination of individual indices of IL-8 allows using as a prognostic criterion for exacerbation of the epidemiological situation for respiratory diseases.

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Is baseline aerobic fitness associated with illness and attrition rate in military training?

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Preseason Aerobic Fitness Predicts In-Season Injury and Illness in Female Youth Athletes

Preseason Aerobic Fitness Predicts In-Season Injury and Illness in Female Youth Athletes

Development and Validation of a Dynamically Updated Prediction Model for Attrition From Marine Recruit Training

Evaluation of the cytokines response in the organism of cursors of the higher education institution at adaptation to the conditions of education

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