Irreversible, Stepwise Sequence in the Development of Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal Study of Males and Females

Holstein, Constance Boucher

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1976.tb03392.x

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Even Kohlberg himself identified a strong interpersonal bias in the women's moral judgments. Other researchers also questioned the possibility of a sex-related bias in Kohlberg's theory (Gilligan 1982;Haan 1975;Holstein 1976). In particular, Gilligan pointed out that the Kohlberg model considers justice as the fundamental principle for moral behavior and penalizes women, according to whom the central moral problem is the conflict between self and other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender-related differences in moral judgments

et al. 2009

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The moral sense is among the most complex aspects of the human mind. Despite substantial evidence confirming gender-related neurobiological and behavioral differences, and psychological research suggesting gender specificities in moral development, whether these differences arise from cultural effects or are innate remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of gender, education (general education and health education) and religious belief (Catholic and non-Catholic) on moral choices by testing 50 men and 50 women with a moral judgment task. Whereas we found no differences between the two genders in utilitarian responses to non-moral dilemmas and to impersonal moral dilemmas, men gave significantly more utilitarian answers to personal moral (PM) dilemmas (i.e., those courses of action whose endorsement involves highly emotional decisions). Cultural factors such as education and religion had no effect on performance in the moral judgment task. These findings suggest that the cognitive-emotional processes involved in evaluating PM dilemmas differ in men and in women, possibly reflecting differences in the underlying neural mechanisms. Gender-related determinants of moral behavior may partly explain gender differences in real-life involving power management, economic decision-making, leadership and possibly also aggressive and criminal behaviors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender-related differences in moral judgments

et al. 2009

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“…Several studies using Kohlbergian-type CMD theory substantiated GilliganÕs claim that women tended to score lower on KohlbergÕs MJI than men (Bussey and Maughan, 1982;Haan et al, 1976;Holstein, 1976;Parikh, 1980). Kohlberg (1984) countered GilliganÕs gender bias objection, arguing that the lower female MJI scores were explained by the fact that women did not tend to hold public offices.…”

Section: Gender and Cmdmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Studies show that, on average, men tend to whistle blow more than women (Lacayo and Ripley, 2003;Street, 1995). Furthermore, some studies have shown that men achieve higher levels of moral reasoning than women (Bussey and Maughan, 1982;Haan et al, 1976;Holstein, 1976;Parikh, 1980). Some theorists have explained the competing viewpoints about the effect of gender on moral reasoning in business by arguing that what was taken to be a gender difference is better explained by context (Derry, 1989;Radtke, 2000;Weber, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Significance of Gender in Predicting the Cognitive Moral Development of Business Practitioners Using the Sociomoral Reflection Objective Measure

Kracher

Marble

2007

J Bus Ethics

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“…However, it becomes problematic if the results of that research are then erroneously generalized to a population beyond that from which participants were originally drawn. To the extent to which other groups (in this case, women) do not seem to progress through the same series of stages (e.g., Holstein, 1976;Parikh, 1980), they are vulnerable to being labeled deficient (Gilligan, 1982, 18).…”

Section: An Overview Of Gilligan's Ethic Of Carementioning

confidence: 98%

Concepts of Care in Organizational Crisis Prevention

Simola

2005

J Bus Ethics

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The role of ethics in organizational crisis management has received limited but growing attention. However, the majority of research has focused on applications of ethical theories to managing crisis events after they have occurred, as opposed to the implications of ethical theories for the primary prevention of these situations. The relationship between concepts derived from a contemporary ethic of care (

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Irreversible, Stepwise Sequence in the Development of Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal Study of Males and Females

Cited by 73 publications

References 5 publications

Gender-related differences in moral judgments

Gender-related differences in moral judgments

The Significance of Gender in Predicting the Cognitive Moral Development of Business Practitioners Using the Sociomoral Reflection Objective Measure

Concepts of Care in Organizational Crisis Prevention

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