Irreversible effects of hygrothermal aging on DGEBA/DDA epoxy resin

Xiao, G. Z.; Shanahan, M. E. R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980711)69:2<363::aid-app18>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 102 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…However, irreversible chemical reactions can also occur, due to reactions with water or oxygen [34][35][36]. Thus in addition to measuring the diffusion kinetics, it is necessary to establish how water affects the properties of the polymer and to characterize the degradation.…”

Section: Polymer Degradation In Sea Watersupporting

confidence: 52%

Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications

Gac

Davies

Choqueuse

2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-Polymers and composites are very attractive for underwater applications, but it is essential to evaluate their long term behaviour in sea water if structural integrity of offshore structures is to be guaranteed. Accelerated test procedures are frequently required, and this paper will present three examples showing how the durability of polymers, in the form of fibres, matrix resins in fibre reinforced composites for structural elements, and thermal insulation coatings of flow-lines, have been evaluated for offshore use. The influence of the ageing medium, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure will be discussed first, then an example of the application of ageing test results to predict long term behavior of the thermal insulation coating of a flowline will be presented.Re´sume´-Durabilite´des polyme`res pour application pe´trolie`re offshore -Les polyme`res et composites sont largement utilise´s pour les applications en mer et particulie`rement dans le domaine de l'industrie pe´trolie`re. La fiabilisation des structures utilise´es pour ces applications ne´cessite la prise en conside´ration du comportement a`long terme des mate´riaux. L'e´valuation de la durabilite´des polyme`res et composites en milieu marin exige la mise en place de vieillissements acce´le´re´s spe´cifiques. La nature de ces vieillissements ainsi que les parame`tres influant tels que la nature de l'eau, la tempe´rature ou la pression hydrostatique seront discute´s dans cet article a`travers trois exemples. Le premier sera de´die´au comportement a`long terme de fibres polyme´riques utilise´es principalement pour l'amarrage, le second traitera de la durabilite´des composites. Enfin le dernier traitera de la pre´diction du comportement a`long terme de polyure´thane utilise´comme isolant thermique sur des pipes.

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Section: Polymer Degradation In Sea Watersupporting

confidence: 52%

Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications

Gac

Davies

Choqueuse

2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…Further, the moisture diffusivity itself may be a function of the applied stress, which in turn may affect the stress distribution in the composite [4][5][6]. The absorbed moisture may lead to matrix cracking [7][8][9][10][11] or plasticize the matrix thereby reducing effective stiffness and strength of polymers [7] and their composites [1,2,12]. An efficient design of a composite for specific functions relies heavily on the ability to predict the possible mechanisms of failure at multiple length and time-scales when subjected to such synergistic environments [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanics of diffusion-induced damage evolution in reinforced polymers

Abhilash

Joshi

Mukherjee

et al. 2011

Composites Science and Technology

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“…The low durability of the silver epoxy at 40°C is attributed to the hygrothermal degradation of the epoxy matrix. [19][20][21] Silver paint (without epoxy) is slightly less durable than silver paint with an epoxy overcoat. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the degradation of the epoxy matrix in silver epoxy by water, which can cause swelling. [19][20][21] Swelling of the epoxy would in turn cause the silver particles to be less connected electrically, thereby increasing the volume resistivity of the silver epoxy. Silver paint (without epoxy) and silver epoxy are slightly less durable than silver paint with epoxy overcoat.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygrothermal Stability of Electrical Contacts Made from Silver and Graphite Electrically Conductive Pastes

Wang

Pang

Chung

2006

Journal of Elec Materi

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The hygrothermal stability of electrical contacts made from silver and graphite electrically conductive pastes is comparatively evaluated by measurement of the increase in contact electrical resistance during immersion in water at 15°C and 40°C. The pastes are silver paint, silver paint with a nonconductive epoxy overcoat, silver epoxy, and graphite colloid. Each electrical contact is made between a seven-strand tin-coated copper wire and the surface of a carbon fiber epoxy-matrix composite. Silver paint and graphite colloid penetrate the spaces among the 130-lm-diameter strands, but silver epoxy does not. Partly due to its low penetrability and the silver flake (15 lm) preferred orientation, silver epoxy gives contacts of significantly higher resistance than silver paint. Graphite colloid is comparable to silver epoxy in the resistance. Among the four pastes, silver paint with an epoxy overcoat is most durable, though it gives slightly higher resistance than silver paint without epoxy. Silver epoxy is less durable than silver paint without an epoxy overcoat, particularly at 40°C, due to the low hygrothermal stability of epoxy. Graphite colloid is even less durable than silver epoxy, due to its being water based.

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Irreversible effects of hygrothermal aging on DGEBA/DDA epoxy resin

Cited by 102 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications

Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications

Micromechanics of diffusion-induced damage evolution in reinforced polymers

Hygrothermal Stability of Electrical Contacts Made from Silver and Graphite Electrically Conductive Pastes

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