A novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ionic liquid (IL)‐modified graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized and used as effective adsorbents for the preconcentration of three chlorophenols (CPs), 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP), 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP), in environmental water samples prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The new materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (S‐4200) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry. The prepared functionalized GO@silica shows remarkable adsorption capacity toward CPs. When used as solid‐phase extraction (SPE) sorbents, a superior recovery (88.49–89.70%) could be obtained compared to commercial sorbents, such as silica and aminosilica. Based on this, a method for the analysis of CPs in water samples was established by coupling SPE with HPLC. These results highlight the potential new role of DES and IL‐modified GO in the preparation of analytical samples.