Ionocidium ‘Cerrado 101’: intergeneric orchid hybrid with high quality of blooming

Abstract

Orchids are considered one of the most important potted-flowering in the world. Oncidium genus, as well their hybrids group (OHGs) has used for the flower market as pot or cut flower. However, some horticultural characteristics require improvements, e.g. the production of precocious cultivars, independent-season blooming or easy flowering induction, high quality and durability of flowers and variations in color of flowers, to compete with Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium orchids, as other flower groups. Aiming this purpose there were used hand-crossing pollination between the Oncidium 'Sweet Sugar' and Ionopsis utricularioides, a Brazilian wild species, for evaluate the capacity of crossing and to select progenies with interest of use in floriculture as new cultivar. The seeds obtained from this cross were seeded on in vitro conditions, followed by acclimatization and cultivation on greenhouse conditions until de flowering time. One of the plants obtained presented interesting characteristics, as good and rapid vegetative development and high quality of blooming. This hybrid obtained from an intergeneric crossing resulted in a plant with vegetative and flower type characteristics and color similar of Oncidium female parent, but with larger number of ramifications in inflorescence and number of flowers (60% and 219,4%, respectively) than Oncidium parent (♀), and with more similarity with Ionopsis (♂). This hybrid cultivar, called Ionocidium 'Cerrado 101' is one more option of OHGs in this competitive market and can be used either for pot and also for cut orchid flowers production, main because it longer inflorescence (83 cm). Keywords: Oncidium, Ionopsis utricularioides, breeding, progenies selection, new hybrid. RESUMOIonocidium 'Cerrado 101': hibrido intergenérico de orquídea com alta qualidade de floração. As orquídeas estão entre as mais importantes flores de vaso do mundo. O gênero Oncidium, assim como seus híbridos (OHGs), são plantas com grande potencial para o mercado de flores de corte ou vasos. Entretanto, esse grupo ainda requer a melhoria de algumas características horticulturais, como florescimento precoce, produção de inflorescências independente das estações do ano ou com facilidade na indução e controle do florescimento, além de alta qualidade e durabilidade das flores e produção de cultivares com colorações diferentes daquelas existentes. Essas condições são necessárias para que os Oncidium possam competir no mercado com orquídeas de outro gênero como Phalaenopsis e Dendrobium, bem como outras espécies de vaso e corte. Para tanto, foram realizados cruzamentos entre Oncidium 'Sweet Sugar' e uma espécie nativa do Brasil, Ionopsis utricularioides com o objetivo de determinar a capacidade de cruzamento por polinização manual controlada, e selecionar progênies de interesse para propagação clonal e uso na floricultura como nova cultivar. As sementes obtidas do cruzamento foram colocadas para germinação e desenvolvimento das plântulas in vitro, seguido do cultivo em casa de vegetação até o momento do...

An Overview of Orchid Protocorm-Like Bodies: Mass Propagation, Biotechnology, Molecular Aspects, and Breeding

“…According to the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Kew Botanical Garden, in December 2019, there are 374 accepted names of Oncidium species with more than 90% of accepted names allocated in Southern America and the last in Northern America. In addition to the species, thousands more interspecific and intergeneric hybrids have been registered with the Royal Horticultural Society and are used in the commercial production of cut and pot flowers worldwide [9,109]. Different chemical and physical factors alter the response to PLB induction in Oncidium.…”

“…To have an idea of the importance of this genus in the expansion of world floriculture, only in the Dutch market, the largest in the world, in 2014, 121 million pots of Phalaenopsis were sold generating approximately US$ 500 million [6]. In addition to Phalaenopsis, other genera of economic importance to floriculture include the genera Cattleya, Dendrobium, and Oncidium and their hybrids [7][8][9] as well as Cymbidium and Vanda used for production of potted or even cut flowers.…”

“…Despite the individual importance of these genera, a commercial classification for orchids must be set separately from the botanical classification. This is because although genera have a greater genetic and morphological contribution to commercial plants, most commercial flower production of these genera occurs through the production of hybrids from interspecific crosses, which include the use of crosses between species of the same genus, but also species of different genera (intergeneric hybrids) [9]. An example of this case is the very frequent use of Doritis in crossings with Phalaenopsis, generating the hybrid genus known as Doritaenopsis [10,11].…”

Armazenamento de sementes e concentrações de ágar no cultivo in vitro de Brassavola tuberculata Hook. (Orchidaceae)

“…As espécies de Orchidaceae nativas do Brasil são visadas não apenas por colecionadores, mas também por melhoristas (Cardoso 2017). No país, Barros et al (2019) listam, no projeto Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção, 2.443 espécies nativas, distribuídas em 207 gêneros, das quais 1.571 são endêmicas, possuindo espécies com potencial econômico, medicinal e ornamental pouco explorados.…”

Characterization of cultivars and low-temperature pollen grain storage in amaryllis (Hippeastrum sp.)

“…The pollen grain storage is of special interest when natural flowering of the parents is difficult. In floriculture, this is especially interesting for the following reasons: the production of new cultivars is based on the use of hybridization techniques, with crosses between elite genotypes, followed by progenies evaluation and selection (Cardoso et al, 2016;Cardoso, 2017) and crosses between species with different flowering periods may result in F1 hybrids with natural flower production in more than one season per year, or even outside the flowering period of their parents (Gomes et al, 2003;Giovannini et al, 2015).…”