Ionic Liquids in Agrochemistry

Abstract

: In this review article, we present the latest research in the field of ionic liquids containing biologically active anions and cations, their potential application in the field of agrochemistry and agriculture. The article describes examples of the use of ionic liquids as herbicides, fungicides, antimicrobial agents, deterrents and plant growth stimulants. It also indicates the advantages and disadvantages of using of ionic liquids, such as their multitasking, toxicity, thermal stability and solubility in water in comparison with commercial chemicals. Readers will find in the article the prospects for the use of ionic liquids in agriculture, as well as the high value of using ILs as multifunctional biologically active substances.

Synthesis and Ecotoxicological Studies of Ionic Compounds Based on Tolperisone, Diphenhydramine and Trimecaine

“…Furthermore, there is another effect that should be taken into account: 3 f is the largest compound of all those studied here (see Table 2). The effect of the size of the molecule has been previously related to the toxicity towards A.Fischeri , [19] and it has been noted that as the size of the molecule increases, the toxicity decreases compared with the corresponding analogues. This previous finding agrees with the behaviour found for 3 f, in which the toxicity clearly decreases with respect to the other analogues.…”

“…[15][16][17] In the present study, new ionic compounds were prepared via N-alkylation of tolperisone, diphenhydramine and trimecaine with alkyl halides (Scheme 1, Table 1). Since some of the synthesized ionic compounds have been proven to stimulate plant growth, [18,19] the ecotoxicity and myelostimulating [20] data for these substances is of great importance.…”

Ultrasound‐ and Microwave‐promoted Synthesis, Growth‐regulating Activity and Antimicrobial Behavior of Trimecaine‐based Ionic Compounds

“…The length of the roots decreased with salt type, especially Na 2 SO 4 , which decreased by 89.03 % compared to the control. Comparisons of sorghum genotypes by shoot length, root length after 20 days are given in the article, [38] for example, in the F-114 genotype, the shoot length (cm) was 21.15 (at a drought level of 100 %), 19.75 (at a drought level of 75 %), 14.35 (at a drought level of 50 %), the root length (cm) was 7.15 (at a drought level of 100 %), 8.35 (at a drought level of 75 %), 10.90 (at a drought level of 50 %). In other types of sorghum seeds, due to a decrease in the amount of water, the length of the shoot decreases, and the length of the root increases accordingly.…”

Synthesis and characterization of herbicidal ionic liquids based on (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate and phenoxyethylammonium

“…MCPA in commercial products is most often applied in the form of sodium-potassium or dimethylamine salts (Tomlin 2009). Numerous studies have been conducted regarding the impact of pesticides on the natural environment (Syguda et al 2018;Gang et al 2020;Parus et al 2019;Pęziak-Kowalska et al 2019), and hence, special attention is paid to the development of new formulations that would allow for the reduction in the amount of active substances applied while maintaining the same level of crop protection (Niemczak et al 2020;Ten et al 2020;Giszter et al 2016). Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and the Council from the 21st of October 2009 established a framework for community action for the sustainable use of pesticides and obliges all professional users to apply integrated pest management, which emphasizes the production of healthy crops with minimal disruption to the functioning of the agricultural ecosystem.…”