Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Natural Products Research: Mixtures of Solids as Extraction Solvents

There is a need for innovation in plant-derived pharmaceuticals, food supplements and nutraceutical products regarding the use of more eco-sustainable solvents for their extraction. Furthermore, the poor oral bioavailability of several phytochemicals with health promoting effects stimulates the research in the field of pharmaceutical formulations. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) are formed by natural compounds, and can be considered as future solvents being especially useful for the preparation of nutraceuticals and food-grade extracts. In this paper various NADES were prepared using sugars, aminoacids and organic acids. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6))-β-D-glucopyranose) was used as a model compound to study NADES. Moreover, the effect of various eutectic mixtures on rutin's water solubility was studied. Proline/glutamic acid (2:1) and proline/choline chloride (1:1) mixtures have a solubility comparable to ethanol. The proline/glutamic acid (2:1) eutectic containing rutin was used in a pharmacokinetic study in Balb/c mice while bioavailability was compared to oral dosing of water suspension. Plasmatic levels of rutin were measured by HPLC-MS/MS showing increased levels and longer period of rutin permanence in plasma of NADES treated animals. This paper reports the possible use of non-toxic NADES for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations.

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“…For NADES preparation we used the previously reported approaches described in the review of Dai et al 2013 [6].…”

Section: Nades Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) as a Tool for Bioavailability Improvement: Pharmacokinetics of Rutin Dissolved in Proline/Glycine after Oral Administration in Rats: Possible Application in Nutraceuticals

et al. 2016

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“…Gr 10,11,12,and 13, modified by MPB-based DES, are in Group 3. The rest of the sample were treated with natural DES 14-18 (provided in a previous study [47]), and Gr 14,15,16,17, and 18 make up Group 4.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of graphene using deep eutectic solvents

Hayyan¹,

Abo-Hamad²,

AlSaadi³

et al. 2016

Nano Online

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(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have received attention in various applications because of their distinctive properties. In this work, DESs were used as functionalizing agents for graphene due to their potential to introduce new functional groups and cause other surface modifications. Eighteen different types of ammonium-and phosphonium-salt-based DESs were prepared and characterized by FTIR. The graphene was characterized by FTIR, STA, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TEM.Additional experiments were performed to study the dispersion behavior of the functionalized graphene in different solvents. The DESs exhibited both reduction and functionalization effects on DES-treated graphene. Dispersion stability was investigated and then characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and zeta potential. DES-modified graphene can be used in many applications, such as drug delivery, wastewater treatment, catalysts, composite materials, nanofluids, and biosensors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation on the use of DESs for graphene functionalization.

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“…The synthesis of DESs usually uses naturally derived raw materials, and no byproducts are produced. Therefore, DESs have been applied in the separation and synthesis of inorganic and organic matters because they are environmentally friendly (Dai et al 2013;Paiva et al 2014). The unique structure of HBD and HBA in DESs has been shown to benefit the dissolution of cellulose biomass (Vigier et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Properties of Choline Chloride-based Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Performance in the Dissolution of Cellulose

et al. 2016

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A series of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (ChCl-DESs) were synthesized and characterized, and their performance in the dissolution of cellulose was investigated. The hydrogen-bond donors significantly (β-value) affected the properties of ChCl-DESs, causing differentiated dissolution performances. ChCl-imidazole (Im) showed the highest Hammett acidity function (1.869), hydrogen bond basicity (0.864), and dipolarity/polarizability effect (0.382) among the ChCl-DESs. The ChCl-Im showed the lowest pseudo-activation energy for viscous flow (31.76 kJ mol -1 ) among the ChCl-DESs. The properties of ChCl-Im caused the highest solubility of cellulose (2.48 wt.%) relative to the other ChClDESs. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a co-solvent, significantly (β-value) enhanced the accessibility of ChCl-Im to cellulose by breaking the supramolecular structure of cellulose, promoting its dissolution. The decrystallization of ChCl-Im-coupled PEG approximately doubled the dissolving capabilities, and the solubility increased by more than 80% in comparison with only ChCl-Im. The cellulose was directly dissolved by ChCl-Im-coupled PEG, and no other derivatives were produced.

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Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Natural Products Research: Mixtures of Solids as Extraction Solvents

Cited by 397 publications

References 103 publications

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) as a Tool for Bioavailability Improvement: Pharmacokinetics of Rutin Dissolved in Proline/Glycine after Oral Administration in Rats: Possible Application in Nutraceuticals

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) as a Tool for Bioavailability Improvement: Pharmacokinetics of Rutin Dissolved in Proline/Glycine after Oral Administration in Rats: Possible Application in Nutraceuticals

Functionalization of graphene using deep eutectic solvents

The Properties of Choline Chloride-based Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Performance in the Dissolution of Cellulose

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