The Properties of Choline Chloride-based Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Performance in the Dissolution of Cellulose

Ren, Hongwei; Chen, Chunmao; Wang, Qinghong; Zhao, Dan; Guo, Shaohui

doi:10.15376/biores.11.2.5435-5451

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This indicates a smaller fraction of defects and/or a more homogenous size distribution of CNFs. ChCl/Urea treatments thus seems favorable in terms of cellulose fibrillation relative to ChCl/imidazole, despite the latter formulation having lower viscosity and having been reported as more efficient for cellulose dissolution (Ren et al 2016).…”

Section: Turbidity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The treatments used here was rather mild in the sense of obtaining an easy quantifiable product under the current mechanical conditions. Interestingly, cellulose dissolution has been reported using DESCNF #2 treatments, though using cotton linter pulp which was in a less recalcitrant state (Ren et al 2016). DESCNF #1 treatment for 16 h was reported of having no influence on the pulp fiber morphology (Tenhunen et al 2018).…”

Section: Deep-eutectic Solvent Soakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from aspen wood using derivatizing and non-derivatizing pretreatments

et al. 2019

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The link between wood and corresponding cellulose nanofiber (CNF) behavior is complex owing the multiple chemical pretreatments required for successful preparation. In this study we apply a few pretreatments on aspen wood and compare the final CNF behavior in order to rationalize quantitative studies of CNFs derived from aspen wood with variable properties. This is relevant for efforts to improve the properties of woody biomass through tree breeding. Three different types of pretreatments were applied prior to disintegration (microfluidizer) after a mild pulping step; derivatizing TEMPO-oxidation, carboxymethylation and non-derivatizing soaking in deep-eutectic solvents. TEMPO-oxidation was also performed directly on the plain wood powder without pulping. Obtained CNFs (44-55% yield) had hemicellulose content between 8 and 26 wt% and were characterized primarily by fine (height & 2 nm) and coarser (2 nm \ height \ 100 nm) grade CNFs from the derivatizing and non-derivatizing treatments, respectively. Nanopapers from non-derivatized CNFs had higher thermal stability (280°C) compared to carboxymethylated (260°C) and TEMPO-oxidized (220°C). Stiffness of nanopapers made from nonderivatized treatments was higher whilst having less tensile strength and elongation-at-break than those made from derivatized CNFs. The direct TEMPOoxidized CNFs and nanopapers were furthermore morphologically and mechanically indistinguishable from those that also underwent a pulping step. The results show that utilizing both derivatizing and nonderivatizing pretreatments can facilitate studies of the relationship between wood properties and final CNF behavior. This can be valuable when studying engineered trees for the purpose of decreasing resource consumption when isolation cellulose nanomaterials.

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Section: Turbidity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Deep-eutectic Solvent Soakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from aspen wood using derivatizing and non-derivatizing pretreatments

et al. 2019

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“…Chlorocholine can be combined with urea, glycerol, polyol, shuttle acid, and other safe and low-cost HBDs to form DESs. Ren [12] et al synthesized four kinds of ChCl-based DESs and investigated the effects of their physical properties on the dissolution of cellulose. At present, deep eutectic solvent is only considered as a good solvent for lignin [13,14] and monosaccharide [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Dissolution Mechanism of Cellulose by ChCl-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2020

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Four deep eutectic solvents (DESs), namely, glycerol/chlorocholine (glycerol/ChCl), urea/ChCl, citric acid/ChCl, and oxalic acid/ChCl, were synthesized and their performance in the dissolution of cellulose was studied. The results showed that the melting point of the DESs varied with the proportion of the hydrogen bond donor material. The viscosity of the DESs changed considerably with the change in temperature; as the temperature increased, the viscosity decreased and the electrical conductivity increased. Oxalic acid/ChCl exhibited the best dissolution effects on cellulose. The microscopic morphology of cellulose was observed with a microscope. The solvent system effectively dissolved the cellulose, and the dissolution method of the oxalic acid/ChCl solvent on cellulose was preliminarily analyzed. The ChCl solvent formed new hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose through its oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group and its nitrogen atom in the amino group. That is to say, after the deep eutectic melt formed an internal hydrogen bond, a large number of remaining ions formed a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, resulting in a great dissolution of the cellulose. Although the cellulose and regenerated cellulose had similar structures, the crystal form of cellulose changed from type I to type II.

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“…As deep eutectic solvents (DES) and ILs have been reported to be good solvents for cellulose, they have also been tested for their plasticizing efficiency in cellulose films. A typical DES, choline chloride and urea, has been suggested to function as an effective plasticizer, showing no phase separation and leading to transparent, soft materials having enhanced elongation.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

Müller

Zollfrank

Schmid

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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With the objective of a more sustainable circular economy, one long‐term goal is the utilization of renewable resources as feedstock for the production of polymer‐based materials. In order to successfully process such materials using existing industrial‐scale technologies or even recycling processes, the natural polymers must have thermoplastic properties. With only a few exceptions, natural polymers are not thermoplastic. However, chemical and physical modification techniques are able to induce thermoplasticity in natural polymers from biomass resources such as cellulose, lignin, and chitin. Modification techniques focus on masking the hydroxyl groups to disrupt dense hydrogen bonding and so enable polymer chain mobility upon heating. The introduction of long alkyl chains into the polymer backbone effectively improves the thermoplastic processing of natural polymers. With regard to polymer blending, chemical grafting and graft copolymerization are powerful tools for enhancing compatibility. For both chemical and physical modification, solvents such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are currently being explored for biomass and fiber processing and show promise for the future development of thermoplastic biopolymers. This review describes possible modifications, potential processing difficulties, and gives a summary of relevant studies described in the scientific literature.

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The Properties of Choline Chloride-based Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Performance in the Dissolution of Cellulose

Cited by 63 publications

References 44 publications

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from aspen wood using derivatizing and non-derivatizing pretreatments

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from aspen wood using derivatizing and non-derivatizing pretreatments

Study on the Dissolution Mechanism of Cellulose by ChCl-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

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