Iodine – New Disinfectant for Your Swimming Pool

Campbell, William R.; Faber, John E.; Marshall, John D.; Wetzler, T. F.

doi:10.1080/00221473.1961.10611504

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For each sample tested, 10 to 15 representative or consecutive colonies were examined and identified. Table 3 contains the average data from two indoor pools, 3 and 4. It is apparent that during chlorination the predominant microbial flora consisted of aThe number of samples tested during the periods of chlorination and iodination, respectively, was: pool 1, 18 and 21; pool 2, 20 and 21; pool 3, 48 and 51; pool 4, 44 and 45. staphylococci and Bacillus species.…”

Section: _~~~~~~6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing the Occurrence of High Numbers of Iodine-Resistant Bacteria in Iodinated Swimming Pools

Favero¹,

Drake²

1966

Applied Microbiology

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FAVERO, MARTIN S. (Communicable Disease Center, Phoenix, Ariz.), AND CHARLES H. DRAKE. Factors influencing the occurrence of high numbers of iodineresistant bacteria in iodinated swimming pools. Appl. Microbiol. 14:627-635. 1966.-It has been shown that, although iodinated swimming-pool waters are usually free from coliform bacteria and enterococci, the total counts frequently become relatively high. Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Alcaligenes faecalis have been shown to account for most of these high counts. It was of interest, therefore, to compare the microbial flora of four alternately chlorinated and iodinated swimming pools. By means of the membrane filter method and suitable selective media, examinations were made for total viable counts, coliform bacteria, enterococci, staphylococci, Streptococcus salivarius, and P. aeruginosa. Colonies also were picked from membrane filters incubated on standard plate count agar and identified. The results showed that, although viable counts were significantly higher during the iodinated periods, the specific types of bacteria determined were either fewer than or the same as in chlorinated periods. During chlorination, the predominant microbial flora consisted of staphylococci and members of the genus Bacillus. During iodination, however, the P. alcaligenes-A. faecalis group accounted for 92 to 99% of the microbial flora. The accumulation of high numbers of these bacteria was shown to be due to their iodine resistance and their ability to grow rapidly in pool water in the absence of free iodine.

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Section: _~~~~~~6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators have shown that iodine is equal to or more effective than chlorine as a swimming-pool disinfectant (1,2,3,5,13,14). In these studies, criteria for the sanitary quality of swimming pools were the standard plate count, numbers of coliform bacteria, and, in some cases, numbers of enterococci.…”

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Factors Influencing the Occurrence of High Numbers of Iodine-Resistant Bacteria in Iodinated Swimming Pools

Favero¹,

Drake²

1966

Applied Microbiology

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“…Normal range of PBI determinations is 4.0 to 8.0, with an average mean at 5.3 micrograms. 2 Carried to 1 decimal only.…”

Section: Protein-bound Iodine Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All values were recorded in terms of micrograms per 100 ml. and are indicated in table 2 for each subject.…”

Section: Urinary Total Iodine Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Iodine as a Disinfectant in Swimming Pools

Byrd¹,

Malkin²,

Reed³

et al. 1963

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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Comparison of Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine as Disinfectants for Swimming Pool Water

1966

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Studies on the germicidal activity of chlorine, bromine, and iodine were made by use of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists official first action method for determining effectiveness of swimming pool water disinfectants. In this procedure, 0.3 ppm of available chlorine as chlorine gas has activity equivalent to 0.6 ppm of available chlorine in the buffered sodium hypochlorite control when Escherichia coli is used as the test organism. With Streptococcus faecalis as the test organism, 0.45 ppm of available chlorine as gaseous chlorine gives activity equivalent to the control. Liquid bromine at 1.0 ppm is as effective as the 0.6 ppm of available chlorine hypochlorite control with E. coli as the test organism, but 2.0 ppm of liquid bromine is necessary to provide activity equivalent to the 0.6 ppm of available chlorine control when S. faecalis is employed. With iodine as metallic iodine, 2.0 ppm is necessary to provide a result equivalent to the 0.6 ppm of available chlorine control with both E. coli and S. faecalis . In the various systems tested, gaseous chlorine was the most active form of available chlorine; liquid bromine provided the most active form of bromine, and metallic iodine provided the most active form of iodine.

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Iodine – New Disinfectant for Your Swimming Pool

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of High Numbers of Iodine-Resistant Bacteria in Iodinated Swimming Pools

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of High Numbers of Iodine-Resistant Bacteria in Iodinated Swimming Pools

Safety of Iodine as a Disinfectant in Swimming Pools

Comparison of Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine as Disinfectants for Swimming Pool Water

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