“…Participatory approaches were used to gather local knowledge about air quality and to critique the information generated by predictive air quality models in three UK cities (Bailey et al 1999).…”
Section: Emerging Methods For Public Engagementmentioning
. (2015) 'Combining participatory mapping with Q-methodology to map stakeholder perceptions of complex environmental problems.', Applied geography., 56 . pp. 199-208. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog. 2014.11.019 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Applied Geography. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Applied Geography, 56, January 2015, 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014 Additional information:
Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.
“…Participatory approaches were used to gather local knowledge about air quality and to critique the information generated by predictive air quality models in three UK cities (Bailey et al 1999).…”
Section: Emerging Methods For Public Engagementmentioning
. (2015) 'Combining participatory mapping with Q-methodology to map stakeholder perceptions of complex environmental problems.', Applied geography., 56 . pp. 199-208. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog. 2014.11.019 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Applied Geography. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Applied Geography, 56, January 2015, 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014 Additional information:
Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.
“…Consequently, a mutual acknowledgement and definition of the roles of experts and users of model results in various phases of the process is needed in order to ensure a successful use of a model in water resource management. Without a dialogue between modellers and user's of model-derived results, there is a risk that certain groups uncritically may accept model-generated information where as others may dismiss models as something theoretical having little to do with reality (Bailey et al, 1999;Chess and Purchell, 1999;Jaeger et al, 1999).…”
Section: Transparency As a Quality Of A Dialoguementioning
Politicians and policy-makers, as well as modellers, often nurses an expectation that model derived results is an objective source of information that can be used to support decisions. However, several prerequisites have to be dealt with in order to ensure that models can be used as legitimate and efficient tools in water resource management. Based on empirical material from recent studies on the use of models in stakeholder dialogues, mainly focusing on catchment nutrient transport, two central problems are identified: (a) Models are laden with choices and thus depend on assumptions and priorities of modellers. (b) There are several factors that influence ability and willingness of stakeholders (as information recovers) to criticize or accept results of the modelling exercise. Recognized factors likely to influence stakeholders' acceptance of model derived results include issues at stake, stakeholders' ability to criticize model derived information, and their trust in the institutions that have developed or applied the used models. Identified prerequisites for successful use of models in integrated water resource management include: consideration of user relevance, awareness of and preparedness to handle constraints linked to communication of modelbased results, transparency of used models and data and of involved uncertainties, mutual respect between experts and stakeholders and between involved stakeholder groups, a robust institutional network, and sufficient time for dialogues. Development and use of strategies for participatory modelling, based on a continuous dialogue between experts and stakeholders is recommended as a way to facilitate that the prerequisites for a successful use of models in water resource management are fulfilled.
“…Isto certamente se encontra relacionado às questões que trabalhamos nos itens anteriores referentes à predominância de abordagens ainda centradas no diagnóstico, pouco incluindo a busca de soluções, e baseadas em determinadas noções de saúde e ambiente que não incluem a compreensão dos processos históricos, das práticas sociais e das experiências humanas frente aos problemas ambientais e de saúde vivenciados pelos seres humanos. Aponta para a necessidade do desenvolvimento de abordagens que permitam definir os problemas de modo mais contextualizado e que inclua a participação dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos com os problemas, já se encontrando na literatura exemplos para estudos de avaliação da exposição 137,138 ou que tenham por base a epidemiologia 139 ou análise espacial 140 .…”
Section: Geração De Conhecimentos Locais Considerando As Relações Counclassified
IntroduçãoAo longo do século XX, e particularmente a partir da década de 70, se intensificam e ampliam as ações do Estado no que concerne à conservação e preservação da natureza. Até o início dos anos 70 estas ações estiveram dirigidas principalmente ao ambiente biofísico (gestão da vida selvagem, conservação do solo, poluição aquática, degradação e desertificação da terra), sendo os seres humanos considerados como a origem dos problemas 1,2 . Neste processo, a Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Ambiente Humano, realizada em 1972, na cidade de Estocolmo, Suécia, foi um marco. Contribuiu para a mudança das atenções centradas na noção de preservação e conservação da natureza biofísica para a noção de um ambiente global, colocando as questões ambientais no topo da agenda política nacional, regional e internacional. A esta noção articulava-se a idéia do direito dos seres humanos viverem em um ambiente de qualidade que permitisse uma vida com dignidade e bem-estar, passando a ser incluído na constituição de alguns países o reconhecimento do ambiente como um direito humano fundamental. O ponto alto deste processo foi a realização da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, realizada em 1992, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, tendo como um de seus resultados a Agenda 21, um programa de ações para
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.