Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept

Amar, Jacques; Sérino, Matteo; Lange, C.; Chabo, Chantal; Iacovoni, Jason S.; Mondot, Stanislas; Lepage, Patricia; Klopp, Christophe; Mariette, Jérôme; Bouchez, Olivier; Pérez, Ligia; Courtney, Michael J.; Marre, Michel; Klopp, Pascale; Lantieri, Olivier; Doré, Joël; Munier, Charles; Balkau, Beverley; Burcelin, Rémy

doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2329-8

Cited by 285 publications

(244 citation statements)

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“…A reduced number of bacterial genes (bacterial richness) in the intestine with a concomitant increase in inflammatory profile [12,13] and increased circulating levels of bacterial 16s rDNA [14] have been suggested to have predictive value for the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Nevertheless, causality cannot be proven in observational studies and, unfortunately, experimental human data are extremely limited.…”

Section: Bbbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in metabolic control

Herrema

IJzerman²,

Nieuwdorp

2016

Diabetologia

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The role of the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in the maintenance of host health and development of metabolic disease has gained significant attention over the past decade. Mechanistic insight revealing causality, however, is scarce. Work by Ussar and co-workers demonstrates that a complex interaction between microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors is involved in metabolic disease development in mice. In addition, Perry and coworkers show that the microbial metabolite acetate augments insulin resistance in rats. These studies underscore an important role of the microbiota in the development of obesity and symptoms of type 2 diabetes in rodents. If causality can be demonstrated in humans, development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools that target the gut microbiota will have high potential.Keywords Gut microbiota . Insulin resistance . Obesity . Short-chain fatty acids . Type 2 diabetes Abbreviations BBB Blood-brain barrier FMT Faecal microbiota transfer GSIS Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion HFD High-fat diet ICV Intracerebroventricular SCFA Short-chain fatty acidThe symbiotic relationship with our intestinal microbiota is exemplified by a broad range of beneficial effects for the host metabolism, including digestion of complex carbohydrates and maturation of the immune response. In addition, the intestinal microbiota serves an endocrine role by producing a vast amount of metabolites with the potential to modulate host metabolism [1]. The intestinal microbiota has, as such, also been implicated in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in human and rodent models [2]. This adds another layer of complexity to studying the origin of these multifactorial metabolic pathologies that arise from a complicated interplay between genetic risk factors and external factors, including dietary intake and physical activity. This commentary discusses two recent rodent studies on the potential importance of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease. Ussar and co-workers [3] studied the complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors in microbiota-related metabolic disease development in mice, while Perry and co-workers [4] investigated a potential mechanism underlying microbiota-driven disease development using a rat model.Colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract starts as early as in utero [5], and a core microbiome composed mainly of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia is established around the third year of life. Extrinsic factors, including host genetic makeup [6], cohousing/family members [7], oral antibiotic use early in life [8] and diet [9] are dominating factors in shaping the intestinal microbiota. Whether these early life events are determinants of microbiota-related disease in later life remains to be

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Section: Bbbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in metabolic control

Herrema

IJzerman²,

Nieuwdorp

2016

Diabetologia

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“…Il existe des fragments d'ADN bactériens circulant dans le sang chez l'homme. Ils sont issus principalement de Protéobactéries à 80-90 % et de Bacteroidetes à 10-20 % [24]. Une augmentation de la concentration de l'ADN bactérien permet de prédire l'apparition d'un diabète de type 2 plus de six années avant le diagnostic de la maladie [24].…”

Section: Perspectives Thérapeutiquesunclassified

“…Ils sont issus principalement de Protéobactéries à 80-90 % et de Bacteroidetes à 10-20 % [24]. Une augmentation de la concentration de l'ADN bactérien permet de prédire l'apparition d'un diabète de type 2 plus de six années avant le diagnostic de la maladie [24]. Cela suggère qu'une dysbiose tissulaire pourrait être un facteur contributif important du diabète de type 2 (Figure 2).…”

Section: Perspectives Thérapeutiquesunclassified

Le microbiote intestinal à l’origine de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques pour les maladies métaboliques ?

et al. 2013

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“…The first report on the presence of circulating microbiome was a large cohort longitudinal study involving obese and diabetic patients [2]. Remarkably, a similar blood microbiome was present in diabetic population and the population destined to develop diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the antigens responsible for the onset of metabolic inflammation have not been researched extensively. Blood which was normally believed a sterile milieu has been found to contain microbial load in CVDs in recent years [2]. The circulating DNA in CVDs has been widely analyzed [3,4], per contra, there are very few reports on the presence of circulating microbial DNA in CVDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Implications of Circulating Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

2017

JCCR

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The circulating microbiome or the blood microbiome has been analysed recently in chronic inflammatory diseases like obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in humans. Evidences that microbial components in blood could play a crucial role in the pathophysiological events leading to or during the course of disease continue to mount. The blood microbiome has been investigated primarily by profiling the circulating bacterial and viral elements using high-throughput sequencing technologies. However, the clinical implications of circulating microbiome in humans remain largely unexplored. The evidence for the presence of a stable blood microbiome in CVDs is still questionable. Nevertheless, there is evidence for a link between the circulating microbiome in obesity, diabetes and CVDs, indicating the influence of physiological, biochemical and environmental factors on the circulating microbiome in metabolic diseases. With this background, we explore the reports on the clinical consequences of bacteremia in CVD patients which formed the basis for the analyses on the topic "circulating microbiome".

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Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept

Cited by 285 publications

References 28 publications

Emerging role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in metabolic control

Emerging role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in metabolic control

Le microbiote intestinal à l’origine de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques pour les maladies métaboliques ?

Clinical Implications of Circulating Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

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