Investigations for the determination of lead by in situ hydride trapping within a graphite electrothermal atomizer for routine analysis

Erber, D.; Quick, L.; Winter, Franziska; Cammann, Karl

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(95)01517-f

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A comparison of the detection limit of the present procedure with some of the reported ones with detection by various spectrometric techniques were summarized in Table 3. It is obvious that the sensitivity of this procedure is much improved with respect to those of HG-AFS, 16,17 HG-AAS, 19,20 HG-AES, 21 HG-ETAAS, 22,23 direct sampling ETAAS, 24 and direct sampling ICPMS, 25 and it is even superior to or at least at the same level as those of the published procedures with HG-ICPMS 26,27 as well as various on-line preconcentration protocols with detection by ETAAS [28][29][30][31] and ICPMS. [32][33][34] In addition, Fig.…”

Section: Performance and Validation Of The Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow injection on-line solid phase extraction for ultra-trace lead screening with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Wan

Wang

2006

Analyst

102

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A flow injection (FI) on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure for ultra-trace lead separation and preconcentration was developed, followed by hydride generation and atomic fluorescence spectrometric (AFS) detection. Lead is retained on an iminodiacetate chelating resin packed microcolumn, and is afterward eluted with 2.5% (v/v) hydrochloric acid to facilitate the hydride generation by reaction with alkaline tetrahydroborate solution with 1% (m/v) potassium ferricyanide as an oxidizing (or sensitizing) reagent. The hydride was separated from the reaction medium in the gas-liquid separator and swept into the atomizer for quantification. The chemical variables and the FI flow parameters were carefully optimized. With a sample loading volume of 4.8 ml, quantitative retention of lead was obtained, along with an enrichment factor of 11.3 and a sampling frequency of 50 h(-1). A detection limit of 4 ng l(-1), defined as 3 times the blank standard deviation (3 sigma), was achieved along with a RSD value of 1.6% at the 0.4 microg l(-1) level. The procedure was validated by determining lead contents in two certified reference materials, and its practical applicability was further demonstrated by analysing a variety of biological and environmental samples.

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Section: Performance and Validation Of The Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow injection on-line solid phase extraction for ultra-trace lead screening with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Wan

Wang

2006

Analyst

102

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“…4 Also, the determination of lead(II) has been widely done in various systems such as in human and artificial teeth blood, 5,[6][7][8] urine, 8,9 cookies, 10 baker's yeast, 11 ashes, coals, sediments, sludge, soils, freshwaters, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] drugs, 13 human hair, 14 wine, 1 seawater and minerals, [15][16][17] using different classical and instrumental techniques. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] One of the classical noninstrumental methods of preconcentrating samples which we have applied in our study is floatation. It is a well known technique for selective separation of valuable substances from ores, minerals and ect, 27-29 but today this technique is used mainly in other fields of chemical engineering and more rarely in analytical chemistry also.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method

et al. 2010

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The present study describes a simple and highly selective method for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of lead. It is based on flotation of a complex of Pb2+ ions and Alizarin yellow between aqueous and n-hexane interface at pH = 6. The proposed procedure is also applied for determination of lead in both tap water and prepared sea water samples. Beer’s Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 3.86 × 10–8 To 8.20 × 10–7 molL−1 (8–170 ngmL−1) with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.33 × 106 molL−1 cm−1 for a 100 mL aliquot of the water sample. The detection limit (n = 10) was 8.7 × 10–9 molL−1 (1.0 ngmL−1) and the Relative standard deviation (R.S.D), (n = 10) for 7.2 × 10–7 molL−1 (150 ngmL−1) of Pb (II) was 4.36%. A notable advantage of the method is that the determination of Pb (II) is free from the interference of almost all cations and ions found in the environment and waste water samples. The determination of Pb (II) in tap and synthetic seawater samples was also carried out by the present method. The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed to the real samples.

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“…Wan et al 14 made a comprehensive summary of the detection limits for lead with detection by various spectrometric techniques (Table 3 in ref. 14), and concluded that the detection limit of their method was much improved with respect to those of HG-AFS, 14,30 HG-AAS, 10,31 HG-AES, 32 HG-ETAAS, 33,34 direct sampling ETAAS 17 and direct sampling ICP-MS, 18 and it is even superior to or at least at the same level as those of the published procedures with HG-ICP-MS 35,36 as well as various on-line preconcentration protocols with detection by ETAAS 9,11,15,37 and ICP-MS. 13,38 In comparison to the method reported by Wan et al with a detection limit of 4 ng L À1 , 14 the developed FI on-line SPE using macrocycle immobilized silica gel as sorbent coupled with HG-AFS in this work gives a similar detection limit (3 ng L À1 ), but offers an advantage of high selectivity, i.e. at least 200-1000 fold improvement in tolerance of coexisting ions (Table 3).…”

Section: Analytical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Selective detection of trace lead in lead-free solder alloy by flow injection on-line solid-phase extraction using a macrocycle immobilized silica gel as sorbent coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Shang

Yan

2007

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Investigations for the determination of lead by in situ hydride trapping within a graphite electrothermal atomizer for routine analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Flow injection on-line solid phase extraction for ultra-trace lead screening with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Flow injection on-line solid phase extraction for ultra-trace lead screening with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method

Selective detection of trace lead in lead-free solder alloy by flow injection on-line solid-phase extraction using a macrocycle immobilized silica gel as sorbent coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

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