Selective detection of trace lead in lead-free solder alloy by flow injection on-line solid-phase extraction using a macrocycle immobilized silica gel as sorbent coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Analytical atomic spectrometry: an active research area in China

“…For example, they coupled flow injection (FI) knotted reactor/minicolumn preconcen-tration with atomic spectroscopic techniques for improved detection of trace elements in complicated matrices. 52,53 Particularly, several advanced materials, including ion-imprinted functionalized silica gel, 54 small carboxylic acid grafted polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, 55 biomolecule-functionalized carbon nanotube, 56 and macrocycle immobilized silica gel, 57 were fully investigated as the packing materials for the minicolumn. They also developed a displacement sorption protocol by using the stability difference of the complexes formed between metal ions and complexing agents to improve the selectivity by 2-3 orders of magnitude.…”

Research on Measuring Ultra-Trace Tombarthite Elements in Water by Separation and Enrichment of Solid-Phase Extraction-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

“…The technology has great natures, including low detection limit, wide linear range, less interference, high precision of analysis, rapid, multi-element simultaneous determination, and which is able to determine most of elements in the Periodic Table . Currently researches on tombarthite component in water samples are not many, some directly use the high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for analysis [1], but some also use synergistic solvent extraction of water samples for processing and then use the mass spectrometer [2] to determine, and the foreign scholars determinethe transition and tombarthite metals in seawater by using time flight mass spectrometry of a flow injection with inductively coupled plasma [3]. Since mid-1980s, solid phase extraction is popular in foreign countries, and gradually replace the traditional liquid -liquid extraction technology, and currently has been widely used in environmental protection [4,5]. Shen Weimin and Qi Wenqi summarizes the pre-treatment methods for environmental samples, in which solid phase extraction applications are described in detail [6].…”

Application of Nanometer Zirconium Oxide Immobilized on Silica Gel as a Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent for the Preconcentration of Pb in Water Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination

“…Solid phase extraction (SPE) has been used widely for trace metal enrichment and preconcentration. Its advantages include simplicity, speed, low cost, environmentally friendliness, and low consumption of organic solvents which results in high enrichment factors (4,5). In a SPE procedure, selection of the most appropriate sorbent is a key factor for obtaining high enrichment efficiency.…”