“…Therefore, sulfur-containing compounds widely distributed in fuels may affect soot properties. At present, a large number of studies have been performed on combustion of sulfur-containing fuels in diesel engines (Arnold et al, 2006(Arnold et al, , 2012Giechaskiel et al, 2005;Jansma et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2012;Maricq et al, 2002;Olfert et al, 2007;Ronkko et al, 2013;Saiyasitpanich et al, 2005;Shi and Harrison, 1999;Weingartner et al, 1997) or diffusion flames (GÜLder and Glavin CEvski, 1991). The majority of these studies have mainly showed that sulfur in fuel promoted exhaust particle formation (Arnold et al, 2006(Arnold et al, , 2012Ronkko et al, 2013;Shi and Harrison, 1999) or emission (Saiyasitpanich et al, 2005), especially for ultrafine particles.…”