A review on morphology, nanostructure, chemical composition, and number concentration of diesel particulate emissions

Rana, Shivam; Saxena, Mohit; Maurya, Rakesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15999-5

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…1–4, soot particles with geometric mean mobility diameter (GMD mob ) of 30 or 90 nm were coated with different amounts of SOM from the photo-oxidation of α-pinene or mesitylene. Particles with GMD mob = 90 nm are representative of the main particle size mode (i.e., accumulation mode) of soot emitted by diesel engines. , The smaller size mode of GMD mob = 30 nm covers emissions from other engine operation points, injection technologies, and/or fuels. A review by Giechaskiel and colleagues shows that both diesel and petrol engines can emit nonvolatile particles with a count median diameter CMD < 60 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Secondary Organic Matter on Soot Particle Toxicity in Reconstituted Human Bronchial Epithelia Exposed at the Air–Liquid Interface

Leni

Ess

Keller

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Secondary organic matter (SOM) formed from gaseous precursors constitutes a major mass fraction of fine particulate matter. However, there is only limited evidence on its toxicological impact. In this study, air−liquid interface cultures of human bronchial epithelia were exposed to different series of fresh and aged soot particles generated by a miniCAST burner combined with a micro smog chamber (MSC). Soot cores with geometric mean mobility diameters of 30 and 90 nm were coated with increasing amounts of SOM, generated from the photo-oxidation of mesitylene and ozonolysis of α-pinene. At 24 h after exposure, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating cell membrane damage, was measured and proteome analysis, i.e. the release of 102 cytokines and chemokines to assess the inflammatory response, was performed. The data indicate that the presence of the SOM coating and its bioavailability play an important role in cytotoxicity. In particular, LDH release increased with increasing SOM mass/total particle mass ratio, but only when SOM had condensed on the outer surface of the soot cores. Proteome analysis provided further evidence for substantial interference of coated particles with essential properties of the respiratory epithelium as a barrier as well as affecting cell remodeling and inflammatory activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Secondary Organic Matter on Soot Particle Toxicity in Reconstituted Human Bronchial Epithelia Exposed at the Air–Liquid Interface

Leni

Ess

Keller

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The Rosin Rammler distribution method is used to interpolate the size distribution to satisfy the characteristics of different emission diameters without considering the growth of particles. In academia, particles are usually classified into nuclear modes (diameter 3-20 nm), Aitken nuclear modes (diameter 20-90 nm), accumulation modes (diameter 90-1000 nm) and coarse particle modes (diameter greater than 1000 nm) based on their diameter size [42]. Moldanová et al [43] analyzed the distribution characteristics of PM emissions from large ships and found that when using heavy oil, most of the PM emitted from internal combustion engines is nuclear-mode particles in diameter.…”

Section: Boundary Conditions and Parameters Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Diffusion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Particulate Matter in Ship Exhaust Plume in Arctic Environment Based on CFD

Zhu,

Wan,

Hou

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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The gradual opening of the Arctic shipping route has made navigation possible. However, the harm caused by ship exhaust emissions is increasingly severe. Therefore, it is necessary to study the diffusion characteristics of ship exhaust plumes during Arctic navigation. The study focuses on a merchant vessel as the subject of investigation, employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation techniques to analyze the diffusion characteristics of particulate matter (PM) within ship exhaust plumes under Arctic environmental conditions. The diffusion law of ship exhaust plume PM is clarified, and the influence of three factors, synthetic wind speed, yaw angle and chimney angle, on the PM diffusion is analyzed. It was found that after the PM was discharged from the chimney, the majority of the PM dispersed directly backward along with the external flow field, while a minor fraction lingered at the stern of the ship for an extended period before eventually diffusing backward. Among them, 1235 particles were captured within a range of 200 m from the stern, with a capture rate of 0.6%. When the synthetic wind shows a yaw angle, the capture rate of PM in the interval increases rapidly with the increase of yaw angle, while other factors have less influence on the capture rate of PM. This study provides foundational guidance for predicting PM diffusion from ship exhaust plumes in Arctic environments, thereby enabling more effective strategies for managing such emissions.

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“…Because of this, reducing the combustion temperatures and duration can reduce NOx [70]. Nonetheless, this has a counter effect on soot, as the temperatures and residence times are not high enough to burn off and reduce soot particles [71]. Advanced combustion strategies that overcome the soot-NOx trade-off have been developed over time and can also integrate the use of more advanced fuels with properties to mitigate these emissions.…”

Section: Advanced Combustion Modes For Emission Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Potential of Electrified Powertrains with Dual-Fuel Combustion to Achieve the 2025 Emissions Targets in Heavy-Duty Applications

Boggio¹

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The transport of people, as well as cargo, has evolved and grown tremendously over the recent years. Technological development had to be adapted to the different government measures for controlling polluting emissions. Since the Paris agreement in 2015 limits have also been imposed on the CO2 emissions from road vehicles to keep global temperature growth below 1.5 o C. For the heavy transport sector, fleet limits of 15% for 2025 and 30% for 2030 CO2 reduction have been introduced with respect to the limits of 2019. Therefore, the current restriction of very low levels of polluting emissions, as well as greenhouse gases, makes the transport sector face a great technological challenge. In 2021, 99% of freight transport was powered by an internal combustion engine with Diesel as fuel and without any type of electrical assistance in the propulsion system. Moreover, polluting emission limits such as the Euro 6 are achieved with complex post-treatment systems that also add to the consumption of Urea.

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A review on morphology, nanostructure, chemical composition, and number concentration of diesel particulate emissions

Cited by 21 publications

References 271 publications

Role of Secondary Organic Matter on Soot Particle Toxicity in Reconstituted Human Bronchial Epithelia Exposed at the Air–Liquid Interface

Role of Secondary Organic Matter on Soot Particle Toxicity in Reconstituted Human Bronchial Epithelia Exposed at the Air–Liquid Interface

Analysis of Diffusion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Particulate Matter in Ship Exhaust Plume in Arctic Environment Based on CFD

Study of the Potential of Electrified Powertrains with Dual-Fuel Combustion to Achieve the 2025 Emissions Targets in Heavy-Duty Applications

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