“…Accounting for the effects of groundwater flow has also resulted in several improvements to the analyses of geothermal thermal-response tests and the data deduced from them, as demonstrated, for example, by the works of Gehlin and Hellström (2003), Lee and Lam (2012), Therrien et al (2010), Raymond et al (2011), Wagner et al (2013), , , and Zhang et al (2016). It should also be noted that the heterogeneity of the soil hydraulic conductivity and the mixing of flowing groundwater at the pore scale, could create disparities between the longitudinal (parallel to the direction of groundwater flow) and the transverse (perpendicular to the direction of groundwater flow) dispersion of heat, as discussed, for example, in the works of Hsu and Cheng (1990), Metzger et al (2004), Hidalgo et al (2009), Hecht-Méndez et al (2010), Diersch et al (2011a;, Molina-Giraldo et al (2011a), Chiasson and O'Connell (2011), and Nield and Bejan (2013).…”