Investigation of the thermal degradation of the aged pyrotechnic titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate

Sorensen, Daniel N.; Quebral, A. P.; Baroody, Edward E.; Sanborn, William B.

doi:10.1007/s10973-005-7365-5

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The aging phenomena of explosives are considered to be caused by physical or chemical transitions through spontaneous reactions 7–11 or by external factors such as humidity 12–16 . These phenomena can also be divided into thermodynamic and kinetic aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Aging Mechanism of Boron Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) for Sustainable Efficiency in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices

Lee

Kim

Ryu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The aging of propellants in PMDs is considered to be one of the primary factors affecting the performance of PMDs. Thus, studies on the aging mechanism of propellants, which have not yet been addressed extensively, pose a solution to securing the sustainable operation of PMDs. We characterized one of the most commonly used commercial propellants (boron potassium nitrate (BKNO3)) and investigated its aging mechanism rigorously. Based on thermal analyses, we demonstrate that the decomposition of laminac, a polymer binder, is the fastest spontaneous reaction. However, it will not self-initiate at a storage temperature as high as 120 °C. The effect of the humidity level was examined by characterizing BKNO3 samples prepared. The heat of reaction and the reaction rate decreased by 18% and 67% over 16 weeks of aging, respectively. This is attributed to the oxide shells on the surface of boron particles. The formation of oxide shells could be confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy. In conclusion, surface oxide formation with the aging of BKNO3 will decrease its propulsive efficiency; oxidation reduces the potential energy of the system and the resulting oxide decreases the reaction rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Aging Mechanism of Boron Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) for Sustainable Efficiency in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices

Lee

Kim

Ryu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Results showed that the peak overpressure and impulse of THR-10 almost kept the same after 2-year storage, whereas, the specific shock energy and specific bubble energy reduced 1.4 % and 2.0 % respectively. The outstanding storage stability of THR-10 was attributed to the TiO 2 film generated on the surface of TiH 2 particle [22,23], which prevented the hydrolysis and oxidation of TiH 2 . However, the thickness of the TiO 2 film was too small to be detected by XRD, and it affected the activity of TiH 2 .…”

Section: Storage Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Performance and Aging of RDX‐based TiH₂, MgH₂ Explosive Composites

Xue

Lin

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Two typical binary metal hydrides, TiH2 and MgH2 were introduced into the RDX based explosive composites. Charges with different contents of metal hydride were evaluated through underwater explosion. Composite with 10 % MgH2 exhibited the best shockwave parameters, peak overpressure, specific impulse and specific shock energy of which promoted by 5.7 %, 7.0 % and 8.4 % respectively. Whereas, the specific bubble energy of composite with 10 % TiH2 showed the maximum enhancement of 5.5 %, and density specific energy of which increased significantly attributed to the large density of TiH2. Meanwhile, a 2‐year ambient storage test of metal hydride reactants and RDX‐metal hydride explosive composites was conducted to evaluate the safety and stability. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were then conducted to analyze the aged samples. Results revealed that TiH2 and its explosive composites showed an excellent storage stability due to the formation of thin TiO2 film. Whereas, mass fraction of Mg(OH)2 was found increasing with time in both MgH2 and its explosive composite, of which hydrolysis of MgH2 was the main mechanism. Moreover, Mg was found in aged MgH2 powder as a result of decomposition. The mechanical strength of aged charges of RDX based MgH2 explosive composite also degraded significantly ascribed to the released hydrogen.

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“…Among all the metal hydrides, MgH 2 and AlH 3 are perceived as the best candidates for components of rocket propellants, high explosives, and pyrotechnic compositions. Titanium and zirconium hydrides were also considered as additives for energetic materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Titanium and Zirconium Hydrides on the Parameters of Confined Explosions of RDX‐Based Explosives – A Comparison to Aluminium

Cudziło

Trzciński

Paszula

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Overpressure and temperature histories of explosions of RDX‐based non‐ideal explosives containing 15, 30 and 45 % of Al, (Al/ZrH2), TiH2 and ZrH2 were measured in a closed chamber filled with argon and air. The solid post‐explosion products were analysed to determine their elemental and phase composition and characterise their morphology. The experimental explosion parameters were compared with those obtained from thermochemical calculations. The results obtained indicate that all the additives react both with the RDX detonation products (anaerobic reactions) and with ambient atmospheric oxygen (aerobic reactions). Explosions of 50‐g charges of the tested compositions in the chamber filled with air produces enough heat to increase the temperature of the explosion products to 2500–3000 K and maintain it above 2000 K for 300 ms, at least. Consequently melted droplets of the metals burn in gaseous RDX detonation products and next in the atmospheric oxygen forming spheroidal particles of zirconium and titanium oxides. In the inert atmosphere explosions, the temperatures higher than 2000 K last approx. 20 ms, and are reached only when aluminized explosives are detonated. Regardless the atmosphere in the chamber, the highest QSP and temperature values were determined for explosives containing Al powder, and the lowest ones for those with titanium hydride.

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Investigation of the thermal degradation of the aged pyrotechnic titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Study on the Aging Mechanism of Boron Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) for Sustainable Efficiency in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices

Study on the Aging Mechanism of Boron Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) for Sustainable Efficiency in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices

Energy Performance and Aging of RDX‐based TiH₂, MgH₂ Explosive Composites

Effect of Titanium and Zirconium Hydrides on the Parameters of Confined Explosions of RDX‐Based Explosives – A Comparison to Aluminium

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Investigation of the thermal degradation of the aged pyrotechnic titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate

Cited by 39 publications

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Study on the Aging Mechanism of Boron Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) for Sustainable Efficiency in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices

Study on the Aging Mechanism of Boron Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) for Sustainable Efficiency in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices

Energy Performance and Aging of RDX‐based TiH2, MgH2 Explosive Composites

Effect of Titanium and Zirconium Hydrides on the Parameters of Confined Explosions of RDX‐Based Explosives – A Comparison to Aluminium

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Energy Performance and Aging of RDX‐based TiH₂, MgH₂ Explosive Composites