Research on the effect of aluminium contents and its particle size on free field and confined explosions characteristics of RDX‐based compositions containing 15–60% aluminium was carried out. Parameters of blast waves produced by charges of the investigated explosives detonating in an open space were measured by the use of piezoelectric gauges. Simultaneously, photodiode set‐ups were used to measure light output of the detonating charges. Quasi‐static pressure measurements were conducted in steel chambers of 0.15 and 7 m3 volume filled with air. Moreover, the heat of detonation was measured with a calorimetric set in a 5.6 dm3 bomb filled with argon. The results of QSP and detonation heat measurements were compared with those obtained from thermochemical calculations.
This paper presents research on insensitive melt-cast explosive compositions based on 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and containing TNT, wax, Al and RDX. The viscosity of the compositions in the operating temperature range was measured. Thermal analysis was performed as well as thermal stability and sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli were tested. The detonation parameters were also determined. Finally, the acceleration ability (Gurney energy) and the JWL coefficients for the detonation products were established.
The confined explosion of an annular layered charge composed of a phlegmatized RDX (RDXph) core and an external layer consisting of aluminum powder (Al) or a mixture of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and Al was studied. Experiments were carried out in fully and partially closed structures, i.e., in the explosion chamber of 150 dm3 in volume and in the 40 m3 volume bunker with four small holes and a doorway. Two types of aluminum powder were used in the mixtures. Signals of overpressure from two piezoelectric gauges located at the chamber wall were recorded and the influence of aluminum contents and particle size on a quasi‐static pressure (QSP) was studied. Moreover, the solid residues from the chamber were analyzed by using SEM, TG/DTA and XRD techniques to determine their structure and composition. Pressure and light histories recorded in the bunker enable us to determine the blast wave characteristics and time‐duration of light output. The effect of the charge mass and aluminum particle size on blast wave parameters were investigated. For comparison, the test for RDXph and TNT charges were also carried out.
Detonation performance of non‐ideal RDX‐based compositions was studied. Charges of phlegmatised RDX containing 30% of two types of aluminium powders, coarse aluminium oxide or fine lithium fluoride particles were tested. The research concerning influence of inert and reactive additives on the detonation velocity and quasi‐static pressure was carried out. To estimate the degree of afterburning of the detonation products and reactive particles, closed explosions were performed in a chamber filled with different atmospheres. Explosion residues were also analysed. Gasdynamical and thermochemical calculations were also performed for the tested explosive compositions.
Abstract:In the present work, the confined explosions of cylindrical homogeneous and layered charges composed of two different types of macroscopic granular multi-component RDX-based composites were investigated. These composites were obtained by the so-called "wet slurry method". For comparison, charges consisting of simple mixtures instead of the composites, TNT and phlegmatized RDX (RDXph) were also studied. The effect of the following parameters: the structure of the macroscopic granular composite, the type of charge (cylindrical pressed material or layered with an RDXph core), oxygen availability (air or argon atmosphere) and the aluminium particle size, on the quasi-static pressure (QSP) measured inside a 150 dm 3 explosion chamber was determined. Solid postdetonation residues from inside the explosion chamber were also collected and analyzed. A combination of all of these results enabled very important conclusions about aluminium combustion and behaviour during the explosion of composite and layered charges, to be drawn.
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