Effect of Titanium and Zirconium Hydrides on the Parameters of Confined Explosions of RDX‐Based Explosives – A Comparison to Aluminium

Self Cite

A direct comparison is made between the effectiveness of Al, Mg, their alloy (Al3Mg4), and Si powders as additional fuels in explosives using the thermobaric effect. The experiment produced calorimetric measurements of the detonation heat and a record of the overpressure histories which were used to determine the quasistatic pressure (QSP) in an explosion chamber after the detonation of charges from mixtures containing 30 % fuel and 70 % RDX passivated with wax. The measured heat values indicate that Al−Mg alloy is a more effective additional fuel during anaerobic post‐detonation reactions than Al and Mg separately. Silicon also exothermically reacts with the detonation products, but the released heat only compensates for the lower amount of RDX in the charge. Similar to the calorimetric measurements, the lowest value of QSP was obtained for the mixture with Si powder. In contrast to anaerobic conditions, silicon proved to be an equally effective thermobaric additive as Al, Mg, and Al−Mg powders in air explosions.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Performance of Magnesium, Mg‐Al Alloy and Silicon in Thermobaric Explosives – A Comparison to Aluminium

Cudziło

Trzciński

Paszula

et al. 2020

Self Cite

“…However, as a type of watercontaining explosive, the introduction of water would reduce its explosion energy in spite of enhancing the safety, which largely limits the further application of emulsion explosives [3,4]. To improve the explosion energy of emulsion explosives, some high-energy additives such as metal powders and hydrogen storage alloy powders were added to enhance their detonation performance [5][6][7]. As a kind of high energy powders, boron powder is widely used in the field of solid propellants and explosives for its advantages in mass specific heat (58.81 MJ/kg), volume specific heat (137.94 kJ/cm 3 ) and combustion heat (58 MJ/kg), which could further improve the output energy of explosives when compared with aluminum and magnesium powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Boron Powders on the Detonation Performance of Emulsion Explosives

Cheng

Yao

et al. 2022

To study the effects of boron powders on the detonation performance of emulsion explosives, the explosion temperature field, shock wave parameters and explosion heat of emulsion explosives were studied. The differences of boron powders with and without microcapsule cladding on improving the explosion performance were also discussed. Experimental results showed that, when the mass ratio of boron powders increased from 0 to 20 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of boroncontaining emulsion explosives increased at first and then decreased. When the content of boron powders was 16 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosives reached their maximum values of 2521 K, 0.0385 MPa, 7.11 Pa • s and 6335 kJ/kg, which were 22.2 %, 30.1 %, 43.0 % and 42.1 % higher than those of the pure emulsion explosive (Sample A), respectively. Furthermore, the explosion temperature, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosive with boron powder-microcapsule (Sample B5) were up to 2648 K, 7.65 Pa • s and 6694 kJ/kg, increased by 5.0 %, 7.6 % and 5.7 % when compared with those of emulsion explosive with 16 mass % boron powders (Sample B3). Therefore, micro-encapsulation technology could improve the detonation performance of boron-containing emulsion explosives, which would be helpful to the formula design of high energy emulsion explosives.

“…Cudziło et aI. observed that the addition of titanium hydride to sub-oxygenated explosive charges decreased their detonation heats, and even noticed the presence of unreacted hydride in the detonation products [26]. Dietzel and Leslie were the first to patent the use of mixtures of titanium hydride and potassium perchlorate (KP) as energetic compositions, with low sensitivity to static electricity and spark, and high autoignition temperature, in igniters [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Detonating Compositions from Ammonium Dinitramide

Comet

Schwartz

Schnell

et al. 2021

This article reports on a new family of detonating compositions in which ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is used as an explosive oxidizer, and red phosphorus (P r ) or titanium hydride (TiH 2 ) as fuels. At optimized ADN/fuel ratios, these compositions have typical explosion heats higher than 7 kJ/g, detonation velocities in 3 mm diameter tubes ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 km/s at~40 % of their theoretical maximum density, with a run to detonation distance between 20 and 40 mm. Both compositions are insensitive to electrostatic discharge, but are very sensitive to impact and friction, ADN/P r mixtures being the most sensitive to these stress. The shockwave released by the reaction of these materials, efficiently initiates the detonation of high explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or hexogen (RDX). In view of these characteristics, ADN-based detonating compositions must be considered as "green" substitutes for primary explosives containing heavy metals.