Investigation of the performance of distance relay in the presence of saturated iron core SFCL and diode bridge type SFCL

Abstract

Summary Owing to the advance in the development of fault current limiters (FCLs) for high voltage, there is the possibility of using this equipment in transmission systems in the future. However, distance relay that is used to protect the transmission line against shunt faults, is subjected to the more direct impact of FCL installation. In this paper, the effect of the saturated iron core superconducting FCL (SFCL) and three‐phase diode bridge type SFCL on the apparent impedance seen by the distance relay, and its trip boundaries are extensively investigated. To perform the evaluations, the impact of SFCL on the measured impedance by the ground and phase distance relays is investigated through the analytical analysis. For evaluations, two possible locations for installation of SFCL including before and after voltage transformer are considered. Finally, both SFCLs are modeled in the PSCAD/EMTDC software, and the effect of each type on distance relay performance is investigated. Fault type, fault location, and fault resistance are the parameters which are considered in the simulation studies. The obtained results show the adverse impacts of both types of SFCL on distance relay performance; however, the impacts of each type are different from another. In this regard, in order to enhance the sensitivity and the security of the relay in this circumstance, the remedial action is proposed.

On the advance of SFCL: a comprehensive review

“…For high voltage and current ratings, it is easy to connect the power diodes in series or parallel arrangements. In addition, BSFCL can be [100] connected at the secondary side of the conventional transformer [101]. Low recovery time and the fault current limitation without any delay and distortion are the other advantages offered by this concept.…”

Studying a novel method for mitigation of the adverse impacts of SFCL on transmission line distance protection

“…Hence, referring to (15) and 16, the following equation can be expressed for measuring the apparent impedance seen by the phase distance relay…”

“…The response to the question 'how is the behaviour of the conventional distance relay in the presence of SFCL?' has been pursued and documented in [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The obtained results from reviewing these papers elucidate that the conventional distance relay is not able to perform the protective duties properly in the presence of SFCL.…”

Impact of STATCOM and BFCL on the performance of distance relay and its improvement by adaptive setting for grid‐interactive offshore wind and marine current farm

“…In [18], the impact of resonant FCL on protection and stability is addressed, and associated parameters are estimated. In [19, 20], the impact of superconducting FCL (SFCL) on the performance of distance relay is evaluated by analytical and through simulation studies. In [21], the simultaneous impact of superconducting magnetic energy storage and SFCL on the performance of distance relays has investigated through simulation studies.…”