Investigation of the Anti-malaria Potency and Chemical Constituents of the Bark Extracts of Ficus elastica in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

Abstract

Malaria is an Anopheles mosquito-borne transmissible illness that afflicts other animals and humans globally, particularly in tropical Africa. The investigation of the phytochemical, acute toxicity and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the leaves of Ficus elastica Roxb.exHornem was carried out to examine its impacts on mice infected with the malaria parasite. The presence of glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoid, phenolics, tannins and eugenols with no traces of steroids was revealed by the phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of Fiscus elastica. The acute toxicity investigation revealed that the plant extract is comparatively harmless within the 14 days of administered doses of 100 mg/kg, 500 mg/ kg and 1000 mg/kg. In vivo, cell-growth inhibition assessment of the graded doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the F. elastica tree bark methanol extract (FBME) against Plasmodium berghei strain revealed a significant rise in the inhibitory activity (68%, 70% and 71%) as the concentration of the methanol extract of F. elastica Roxb.exHornem increased. For the prophylactic study against P. berghei, the level of significance also increases as the administered doses of the FBME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) increased when compared to the control (0.2 ml distil water and 10 mg/kg chloroquine). The result signifies that methanol leave extract of F. elastica Roxb.exHornem posses' significant antiplasmodial activities and could be used for treating malaria parasites.

Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of Some Carbohydrate Steroid Hybrids

“…Glycosteroids form an interesting family of biomolecules widely encountered in Nature, comprising saponins [1][2][3][4][5] and steroid glycosides [6,7], and exhibiting a wide range of biological properties. New types of glycosteroids are continuously discovered [8][9][10][11][12][13] in various vegetals and organisms, and the spectrum of biological properties and relevant therapeutic interest is immense.…”

“…As a complement to earlier work which focused on dicatenar systems [25][26][27], the report below shows that the strategy can also access monocatenar systems, with glucose, galactose and cellobiose as variations on the carbohydrate side, and cholesterol and cholestenol (dihydrocholesterol), on the steroid side. The approach exploits carboxymethyl-glycoside lactones (CMGLs) which are bicyclic lactones able to readily deliver a carbohydrate onto any kind of system, by a simple addition reaction with amines forming the corresponding amides [12][13][14]. Initially, a cholesteryl amide was prepared by direct reaction of aminodeoxycholesterol with a CMGL, however such compounds proved to be very rigid and deprived of possible soft melting behavior [30].…”

Therapeutic Potentials of Neem Against Malaria Parasite: A Review

“…African communities are still greatly burdened by malaria, which has significant social and economic implications (Ifijen et al, 2018). Current efforts to control malaria transmission typically focus on adult primary vectors through the use of interventions like bed nets and indoor residual spraying, which can have a substantial impact on vectorial capacity (Ifijen et al, 2020). However, these methods are vulnerable to insecticide resistance, vector behavioral adaptation, and challenges with reaching vulnerable populations (Casimiro et al, 2006;Ifijen et al, 2019).…”