Investigation of porous coatings obtained on Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn alloy biomaterial by plasma electrolytic oxidation: characterisation and modelling

Abstract

In the paper, the fabrication method and characteristics of porous coatings on Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn alloy biomaterial obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) are presented. The PEO process was performed at two voltages of 180 ± 10 and 450 ± 10 V, respectively, during 3 min of treatment in the electrolyte based on orthophosphoric acid with copper II nitrate of initial temperature of 20 ± 2°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 2D roughness measurements were performed on the samples. The study results indicate an enrichment of the porous layer (18 and 21 μm thick, for 180 and 450 V, respectively)

Development of copper-enriched porous coatings on ternary Ti-Nb-Zr alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation

“…The spectrum of nitrogen (Fig. 9) is similar after two PEO treatments, and the highest signal was recorded for coating after PEO at 180 V, which confirms the phenomena described in [44]. The detected peaks related to the top surface (top 10 nm) may be explained as surface organic contaminations.…”

“…It has been widely used by active companies, such as Keronite (UK), Magoxid-Coat (Germany), and Microplasmic (USA), active in commercial development of PEO technology [23]. Primarily used for pure aluminum or alloyed [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] aluminum treatments, PEO was applied recently for the oxidation of magnesium and its alloys [29][30][31][32][33] and titanium and its alloys [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] as well as niobium [45][46][47], zirconium [48][49][50][51], and tantalum [52][53][54][55]. In recent years, titanium and its alloys used as biomaterials drew the attention of numerous teams of researchers in the world.…”

“…Some previous papers described the porous and bactericidal coatings on alloys, such as Ti6Al4V [38] and Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn [44] obtained by PEO known also as microarc oxidation (MAO). In those articles, the focal point of analysis was dedicated to the presence of elements displaying a detrimental action in the human body, such as vanadium, aluminum [38, 56,57], and tin [38,58].…”

“…This ternary titanium alloy was recently extensively studied [38, 43,44] as a very good candidate for biomedical applications regarding both chemical composition (with fully biocompatible chemical elements) and mechanical properties (with excellent superelastic properties). The main objective of this work is to develop an antibacterial surface layer with porous coating containing mostly phosphates of titanium and/or niobium and/or zirconium within bactericidal copper [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] formed on TNZ alloy in an electrolyte consisting of H 3 PO 4 within Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .…”

SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate

“…as a part of automobile catalysts and/or to biomaterials. In case of biomaterials finishing, it is important to create the porous surface enriched in antibacterial copper [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] or zinc. Zinc enrichment of porous PEO coatings is the main subject of the present paper.…”